Simultaneous sub-Doppler laser cooling of fermionic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">K</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>40</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>on the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m

Sievers, Franz; Kretzschmar, Norman; Fernandes, Diogo Rio; Suchet, Daniel; Rabinovic, Michael; Wu, Saijun; Parker, Colin; Khaykovich, Lev; Salomon, Christophe; Chevy, Frédéric

doi:10.1103/physreva.91.023426

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1. As the capture efficiency is strongly affected by the laser intensity [18], we set the laser power to its maximum at the beginning of gray molasses phase, yielding a temperature of 160 µK. With an initial atom number of 2.6×10 9 in the CMOT, a maximum of 2.4×10 9 atoms can be captured by the gray molasses, corresponding to a capture efficiency of 92%.…”

Section: Gray Molassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, additional laser sources at 405 nm and optical setup are required for the implementation of this scheme, increasing its experimental complexity. Recently, a so-called gray molasses sub-Doppler cooling technique has been intensively exploited; this method takes advantage of Sisyphus cooling [16] and velocity selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) [17] [18,24]; however, to the best of our knowledge, the application of the gray molasses technique to 41 K has yet to be reported. 41 K is 6 MHz, which is comparable to its excited hyperfine splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of largeK41Bose-Einstein condensates usingD1gray molasses

Chen

Yao

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We use D1 gray molasses to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation of a large number of 41 K atoms in an optical dipole trap. By combining a new configuration of compressed-MOT with D1 gray molasses, we obtain a cold sample of 2.4 × 10 9 atoms with a temperature as low as 42 µK. After magnetically transferring the atoms into the final glass cell, we perform a two-stage evaporative cooling. A condensate with up to 1.2 × 10 6 atoms in the lowest Zeeman state |F = 1, mF = 1 is achieved in the optical dipole trap. Furthermore, we observe two narrow Feshbach resonances in the lowest hyperfine channel, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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Section: Gray Molassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of largeK41Bose-Einstein condensates usingD1gray molasses

Chen

Yao

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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“…These typically allow the energy of an atom to be cooled to be of the order of the recoil energy [1]. Similar sub-Doppler cooling temperature have been achieved using a three-level configuration by using two pairs of standing waves [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sub-Doppler laser cooling using electromagnetically induced transparency

Tengdin

Anderson

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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We propose a sub-Doppler laser cooling mechanism that takes advantage of the unique spectral features and extreme dispersion generated by the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT is a destructive quantum interference phenomenon experienced by atoms with multiple internal quantum states when illuminated by laser fields with appropriate frequencies. By detuning the lasers slightly from the "dark resonance", we observe that, within the transparency window, atoms can be subject to a strong viscous force, while being only slightly heated by the diffusion caused by spontaneous photon scattering. In contrast to other laser cooling schemes, such as polarization gradient cooling or EIT-sideband cooling, no external magnetic field or strong external confining potential is required. Using a semiclassical approximation, we derive analytically quantitative expressions for the steady-state temperature, which is confirmed by full quantum mechanical numerical simulations. We find that the lowest achievable temperatures approach the single-photon recoil energy. In addition to dissipative forces, the atoms are subject to a stationary conservative potential, leading to the possibility of spatial confinement. We find that under typical experimental parameters this effect is weak and stable trapping is not possible.

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“…These properties make them the poor relation of type-I atomic MOTs. However, type-II systems are increasingly being used to cool atoms efficiently to sub-Doppler temperatures in optical molasses, known as 'gray molasses' [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Moreover, recent experiments on laser cooling [32] and magneto-optical trapping [33][34][35] of molecules rely on type-II transitions to produce a closed optical cycling transition [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Doppler, polarization-gradient, and magneto-optical forces for atoms and molecules with dark states

Devlin

Tarbutt

2016

New J. Phys.

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We theoretically investigate the damping and trapping forces in a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT), by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations. We focus on the case where there are dark states because the atom is driven on a 'type-II' system where the angular momentum of the excited state, F¢, is less than or equal to that of the ground state, F. For these systems we find that the force in a three-dimensional light field has very different behaviour to its one dimensional counterpart. This differs from the more commonly used 'type-I' systems (F F 1 ¢ = + ) where the 1D and 3D behaviours are similar. Unlike type-I systems where, for red-detuned light, both Doppler and sub-Doppler forces damp the atomic motion towards zero velocity, in type-II systems in 3D, the Doppler force and polarization gradient force have opposite signs. As a result, the atom is driven towards a non-zero equilibrium velocity, v 0 , where the two forces cancel. We find that v 0 2 scales linearly with the intensity of the light and is fairly insensitive to the detuning from resonance. We also discover a new magneto-optical force that alters the normal MOT force at low magnetic fields and whose influence is greatest in the type-II systems. We discuss the implications of these findings for the laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of molecules where type-II transitions are unavoidable in realising closed optical cycling transitions.

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Simultaneous sub-Doppler laser cooling of fermionicLi6andK40on the

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Production of largeK41Bose-Einstein condensates usingD1gray molasses

Production of largeK41Bose-Einstein condensates usingD1gray molasses

Sub-Doppler laser cooling using electromagnetically induced transparency

Three-dimensional Doppler, polarization-gradient, and magneto-optical forces for atoms and molecules with dark states

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