Simultaneous temperature and humidity insensitive race track ring resonator using silicon and titanium dioxide waveguides in cavity

Verma, Yogesh K.; Tripathi, Saurabh Mani

doi:10.1016/j.rio.2021.100176

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In previous works [29,30], we demonstrated that, in addition to selecting materials with the opposite polarity of TOC, an optimal distribution of electric fields between the core and cladding regions is required to achieve temperature insensitivity. Therefore, we optimized the geometrical parameters and studied their effect on TS.…”

Section: Geometrical Parameter Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Grating assisted temperature insensitive micro-ring resonator biosensor

Kumar Verma,

Kumari,

Mani Tripathi

2023

J. Opt.

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A grating-assisted temperature-insensitive micro-ring resonator bio-sensor is reported using finite-difference time domain simulation method. In addition to choosing a negative thermo-optic coefficient material water to nullify temperature-induced wavelength shift, optimization of the opto-geometric parameters provided a precisely zero-temperature sensitivity state of the structure. The negative thermo-optic coefficient of water counterbalances the positive shift in resonance wavelength originating from Si waveguides. The grating structure delocalizes the core field into the analyte region, which enhances field matter interaction to offer high bulk refractive index (RI) and affinity sensing. The advantage of incorporating grating structure in the ring has been demonstrated by comparing the bulk RI sensitivity and affinity sensitivity with and without the grating structure. Without the circular grating array, the bulk RI sensitivity is 214 nm/RIU and the affinity sensitivity is 0.139 nm/nm. Using grating in the ring structure offers an improved bulk RI sensitivity of 525 nm/RIU and an adlayer sensitivity of 0.515 nm/nm. We calculated the system limit of detection of the structure as ∼2×10−6 RIU. The fabrication tolerance of geometrical parameters, in the form of 10% variation in hole radius and 5% variation in other widths of our sensor, reveals a nominal temperature sensitivity of ∼6 pm/◦C. Changing the cladding analyte from pure water to other aqueous solutions, e.g. urine samples, also has a small impact on temperature sensitivity. The present work is useful in RI-dependent monitoring of the constituents present in aqueous medium-based bio-analytes samples in a variable ambient temperature environment.

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Section: Geometrical Parameter Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Grating assisted temperature insensitive micro-ring resonator biosensor

Kumar Verma,

Kumari,

Mani Tripathi

2023

J. Opt.

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“…These resonators are known for their discrete sharp resonances and practical fabrication. However, spectral shifts due to temperature changes can pose a significant challenge to accurate concentration measurements, 11 as the changes to the spectra are difficult to compensate for. Some methods include optimizing MRR path length for temperature insensitivity, 11 surrounding the device in a material with low thermal conductivity 12 , 13 and simultaneously measuring temperature to actively compensate for it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, spectral shifts due to temperature changes can pose a significant challenge to accurate concentration measurements, 11 as the changes to the spectra are difficult to compensate for. Some methods include optimizing MRR path length for temperature insensitivity, 11 surrounding the device in a material with low thermal conductivity 12 , 13 and simultaneously measuring temperature to actively compensate for it. These solutions may lead to other issues, such as increasing fabrication costs, increasing device footprints, reducing sensitivity in sensors, or limiting possible ring designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convolutional neural networks for temperature robust medium chemical concentration detection with micro-ring resonators

Mikhail,

Shafaay,

Swillam

2024

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2024

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An approach to measuring chemical concentrations using a micro-ring resonator (MRR) is proposed which is robust to thermo-optic noise and spectral shifts caused by temperature changes. The method uses a modified ResNet50 with varied kernel size and achieved a mean-square error (MSE) of 4.548E-4, and performance is compared to other machine learning methods including VGG20 and XGBoost. The model was trained to read the transmission spectra of a slotted MRR etched into heavily doped silicon and output the concentrations of chemicals in the surrounding analyte. The chemicals tested on were water, ethanol, methanol, and propanol, with concentrations ranging from 0-100%, with a dataset containing . This occurs over the mid-infrared wavelengths and within the temperature range of 290-310 K. Transfer learning was also utilized to retrain the models on several other datasets, consisting of 528 transmissions each. These datasets operated over different temperature ranges (310-320), and the other with a different set of chemicals, (water, ethanol, methanol and butanol). Similar results were achieved, with both networks achieving similar MSE. We then perform the same process on another design with the same chemicals, also operating over the infrared range, demonstrating the robustness of the method. All datasets used in the study were obtained through simulation, although we hope to test on real data.

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