Simultaneous use of fluorescence, ultraviolet, and electrochemical detectors in high performance liquid chromatography‐separation and identification of phenolic antioxidants and related compounds

Use Differential Pulse Voltammetry for Determining the 2,6-Ditertbutyl-4-Methylphenol in Jet Fuels

“…As well known, storage and stability of jet fuels depend mainly on the depletion of antioxidants and changes in chemical composition occurring. Recently, Techniques for determining phenolic antioxidants in a variety of matrices have been described [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The majority of these techniques were not applicable to routine analysis of antioxidants in jet fuels either because of a different matrix, expensive equipments and complicated procedure or lack of a low concentration detection limit and repeatability.…”

“…described a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique using electrochemical detection (ED) that appeared to have potential for detecting all fully and partially hindered phenolic antioxidants with sensitivity and selectivity [12,14] [12], [14] . Masoud and Cha reported a similar method for non-fuel matrices [9]. Bartl, Schaaff and Pearson in a brief communication, outlined the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify and detect specific antioxidants in aviation turbine fuel[]13 ,15].…”

Quantitative determination of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and tert‐butyl hydroquinone in oils, foods, and biological fluids by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection

“…Direct injection and fluorimetric detection improved the analysis of TBHQ in oils (19). Simultaneous detection with fluorescence, UV, and electrochemical detectors were applied for determination of phenolic antioxidants (21). However, these methods have not been applied to foods with possible interferences.…”

“…Thus, information on the amounts of antioxidants incorporated into foods is important for agencies controlling foods, for food processors, and for consumers. Many methods including colorimetry (5), spectrophotometry (6), fluorimetry (7,8), voltammetry (9), chromatography [paper (10), thin-layer chromatography (11,12), gas-liquid chromatography (13)(14)(15)(16), or high-performance liquid chromatography (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)] have been used for qualitative and quantitative determination of antioxidants including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) added to fats, oils, and foods. Almost every procedure requires considerable sample preparation such as saponification, extraction, and liquid-liquid separation prior to estimation of individual antioxidants (2,26).…”