Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer: Methods to Design Robust Medical Implants for Gastrointestinal Tract

Javan-Khoshkholgh, Amir; Farajidavar, Aydin

doi:10.1109/jerm.2021.3084516

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The range-to-size ratio of medical implants determines the type of WPT technology applicable to that category of IMDs, i.e., resonant inductive and ultrasound IMDs [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Based on this ratio for gastric IMDs, resonant inductive links provide the optimum WPT efficiency [ 20 ]. However, adverse health effects and safety concerns due to the exposure of live tissues to the EM waves in the inductive WPT need to be addressed and resolved appropriately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of effective medications, electroceutical therapies and electrical stimulation pulses, when applied directly to the GI tract, have demonstrated merits in improving gastric motility, relieving functional GI disorders, and accelerating gastric emptying. While high-energy, low-frequency pulses with pulse-widths in the order of hundreds of milliseconds have shown efficiency in modulating and pacing the activity of the SWs, low-energy high-frequency pulses with pulse-widths of a few hundreds of microseconds can be helpful in relieving nausea and vomiting [ 19 , 20 ]. However, the pathophysiological roles of abnormalities in functional GI disorders and neuromuscular dysfunctions, as well as the therapeutic potential of electroceutical methods, remain incompletely investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pathophysiological roles of abnormalities in functional GI disorders and neuromuscular dysfunctions, as well as the therapeutic potential of electroceutical methods, remain incompletely investigated. Lack of technology, invasive and wired systems with the risk of dislodgement and infection, the absence of devices for simultaneously recording and stimulating the SWs activity, and a lack of implantable medical devices (IMDs) featuring a wireless power transfer (WPT) link for conducting research on the gastric system have been the major challenges in terms of studying the mechanism of GI dysrhythmias in the long term [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Inductively Powered Implantable System to Study the Gastrointestinal Electrophysiology in Freely Behaving Rodents

et al. 2022

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Chronic studies in the fasting and fed states of conscious subjects are fundamental for understanding the pathophysiological significance of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and motility dysfunctions. To study the electrophysiology of the GI tract in the long term, the development of gastric implants is essential. This paper presents the development of an implantable system capable of monitoring the bioelectrical activity of the gastric system and modulating the activity in freely behaving rodents. The system consists of a miniature-sized implantable unit (IU), a stationary unit (SU) that communicates with the IU over a 2.4 GHz far-field radio frequency (RF) bidirectional link, and a charging unit (CU) that establishes an inductive 13.56 MHz near-field communication (NFC) with the IU, implementing an adaptive wireless power transfer (WPT). The CU can generate an adjustable power between +20 dBm and +30 dBm, and, in the presence of body movements and stomach motility, can deliver a constant rectified voltage to the IU. The live subject’s exposure to the electromagnetic WPT in the developed system complies with the RF energy absorption restrictions for health and safety concerns. The system can be utilized to investigate the relationship between functional GI disorders and dysrhythmias in the gastric bioelectrical activity and study the potential of electroceutical therapies for motility dysfunctions in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Inductively Powered Implantable System to Study the Gastrointestinal Electrophysiology in Freely Behaving Rodents

et al. 2022

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“…The system represented in Figure 1 is an illustrative description of the US-powered integrated circuit to be implanted in the human brain. It is worth noting that the same IC could be used for any specific biomedical application, such as heart-beat stimulations, gastrointestinal activities manipulation, and other kinds of controls and actuations applied to patients affected by chronic diseases [7][8][9][10]. The IMDs are powered-up, exploiting US-acoustic waves generated from external piezo-transducers (TX-PIEZO, in Figure 1) kept under the electrical resonance condition and placed in contact with the skin.…”

Section: Us-powered Imds: a System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications

2022

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Low-invasive and battery-less implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been increasingly emerging in recent years. The developed solutions in the literature often concentrate on the Bidirectional Data-Link for long-term monitoring devices. Indeed, their ability to collect data and communicate them to the external world, namely Data Up-Link, has revealed a promising solution for bioelectronic medicine. Furthermore, the capacity to control organs such as the brain, nerves, heart-beat and gastrointestinal activities, made up through the manipulation of electrical transducers, could optimise therapeutic protocols and help patients’ pain relief. These kinds of stimulations come from the modulation of a powering signal generated from an externally placed unit coupled to the implanted receivers for power/data exchanging. The established communication is also defined as a Data Down-Link. In this framework, a new solution of the Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) demodulator is presented in this paper in order to design a robust, low-area, and low-power Down-Link for ultrasound (US)-powered IMDs. The implemented system is fully digital and PLL-free, thus reducing area occupation and making it fully synthesizable. Post-layout simulation results are reported using a 28 nm Bulk CMOS technology provided by TSMC. Using a 2 MHz carrier input signal and an implant depth of 1 cm, the data rate is up to 1.33 Mbit/s with a 50% duty cycle, while the minimum average power consumption is cut-down to 3.3 μW in the typical corner.

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“…On the particular topic of combining power and data transfer, several review papers have been presented related to simultaneous wireless power and data transfer systems in far-field application, as described in [34], [35] and [36]. As for nearfield applications, a few reviews have been found in [37], [38], [39] and [40]. As shown in Table I, only [38] and this paper address electric vehicles wireless charging as main topic while the rest discusses general applications [37] or medical implants [39], [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging: A Review

Casaucao Tenllado,

Triviño Cabrera,

Lin

2024

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Wireless charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has become an important research topic in recent years. During the wireless charging process, wireless data exchange must take place between the EV and the charging station. Battery status, current and voltage of the charger or the EV identification may be required on the primary side in order for the system to operate properly. This data exchange can be carried out through commercial wireless communication solutions such as Bluetooth, 802.11 or ZigBee. However, these technologies introduce cybersecurity problems, high and variable transmission delays and possible connection losses during communication. To address these issues, numerous solutions have been proposed based on wireless data transmission through the wireless power transfer circuit. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the different issues that need to be considered for simultaneous wireless power and data transmission (SWPDT) for wireless EV charging applications. This context represents a challenge for SWPDT due to the power levels and the high probability of operating with notable misalignments or even with the EV on move. Specifically, a classification of SWPDT systems is described, and six different criteria to consider when designing a SWPDT system are analysed for EVs. The suitability of different system configurations is evaluated according to three representative use cases: (i) providing maximum efficiency, (ii) synchronisation for bidirectional wireless chargers and (iii) dynamic charging. We have also analysed the feasibility of using the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) together with ISO 15118, which is the most popular communication protocol used in EV charging infrastructures,

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Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer: Methods to Design Robust Medical Implants for Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 14 publications

References 108 publications

An Inductively Powered Implantable System to Study the Gastrointestinal Electrophysiology in Freely Behaving Rodents

An Inductively Powered Implantable System to Study the Gastrointestinal Electrophysiology in Freely Behaving Rodents

A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications

Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging: A Review

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