“…The shoulder peaks (165.1–165.4 eV for Bi 4f 5/2 and 159.7/160.2 eV for Bi 4f 7/2 ) occur at higher binding energies for Bi 2 WO 6 and W-0.30V, indicating the appearance of higher electropositive Bi and some Bi atoms bonded with the surface Br atoms. , As shown in Figure d, W 6+ is observed at 35.98 and 38.08 eV in the Bi 2 WO 6 spectrum, assigned to W 4f 7/2 and W 4f 5/2 from [WO 4 ] 2– , respectively . However, the appearance of W 5+ in W-0.30V is observed at binding energies of 35.28 and 37.37 eV, which are assigned to the W 4f 7/2 and W 4f 5/2 orbitals of the W 5+ spectrum. , W 5+ generation is attributed to oxygen vacancies around the W atom formed during the solvothermal process . The binding energy peaks at 517.02 and 524.44 eV are ascribed to V 2p 3/2 and V 2p 1/2, respectively .…”