Simvastatin, dosage and delivery system for supporting bone regeneration, an update review

Biological Analysis of Simvastatin-releasing Chitosan Scaffold as a Cell-free System for Pulp-dentin Regeneration

“…Researchers have found that local application of statins is capable of strongly accelerating the repair of bone defects in vivo (8,9). Recent review articles regarding this specific topic concluded that local delivery of simvastatin (SIM) from biomaterials seems to be more reliable than systemic administration for bone regeneration; however, depending on the released dosage, SIM can either accelerate or retard mineralized neotissue genesis (10,11). At low concentrations, these drugs feature pleiotropic effects with mesenchymal stem cells, increasing the expression of several osteo/odontoblastic markers, such as dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1A1), osteocalcin, osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), leading to intense mineralized matrix deposition in vitro (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Study of a new bone-targeting titanium implant–bone interface

“…Specifically, SV acts as an activator of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which accounts for the major osteoinductive potential of bone. 13 For the systemic administration of SV, a hydrophobic small molecule drug, it has been reported that ,5% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation and that high doses increase the risk of liver failure, kidney disease, and other side effects.…”

Solubility Enhancement of Simvastatin through Surfactant Addition for Development of Hydrophobic Drug-Loaded Gelatin Hydrogel

“…The mechanism of simvastatin on bone regeneration is through reducing osteoclast differentiation [3], suppressing osteoblasts apoptosis [4], and inducing osteogenesis [5]. Simvastatin administrated orally will be retained in the liver by 95% and only 5% are systemically distributed [6][7]. Therefore, to obtain statin effects on the bone requires high doses that could potentially increase the toxicity and side effect of the drug such as rhabdomyolysis [8].…”