Simvastatin increases cell viability and suppresses the expression
of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor
in inflamed human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Xue, Dong; Gong, Zhongjian; Zhu, Fangyong; Qiu, Yanjing; Li, Xiaodan

doi:10.17219/acem/75776

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…20% HPL increases expression of pro-angiogenic factors at both gene and protein levels, while maintaining the cell viability [ 127 ]. In LPS-induced DPSCs simvastatin inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF, blocking the MAPK signaling [ 128 ]. It also promotes proliferation and apoptosis [ 128 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used for induction of inflammation in various human tissues, including dental pulp. The purpose of this study was to summarize current medical literature focusing on (1) cell types used by researchers to simulate dental pulp inflammation, (2) LPS variants utilized in experimental settings and how these choices affect the findings. Our study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched for studies reporting outcomes of lipopolysaccharide application on dental pulp cells in vitro using electronic databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. Having gathered data from 115 papers, we aimed to present all known effects LPS has on different cell types present in dental pulp. We focused on specific receptors and particles that are involved in molecular pathways. Our review provides an essential foundation for further research using in vitro models of pulpitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In LPS-induced DPSCs simvastatin inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and VEGF, blocking the MAPK signaling [ 128 ]. It also promotes proliferation and apoptosis [ 128 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, DPCs subsequently migrate to the injured site, where they differentiate into odontoblast-like cells to synthesize reparative dentin, initiating repair and regeneration [ 27 – 30 ]. However, antibacterial activities easily induce the inflammatory cascade and thereby propagate sustained inflammation [ 2 – 4 ], which not only irreversibly damages vital pulp tissue but also actively impedes the repair responses of DPCs, and these effects eventually lead to total necrosis of the pulp [ 1 , 24 ]. Hence, attenuation of inflammation is a prerequisite for the initiation of pulp healing and regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As bacteria and their toxic components penetrate into the pulp, inflammatory responses from resident cells, including dental pulp cells (DPCs), macrophages, and other immune cells, are initiated to eliminate invading microbes [ 1 ]. However, these antimicrobial activities allow the easy propagation of sustained inflammation, which is enormously destructive to the vital pulp and ultimately leads to tissue necrosis and prevention of innate self-repair of the pulp [ 2 – 4 ]. Hence, the attenuation of excessive inflammation and the preservation of pulp vitality have been the most substantial challenges in modern endodontics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental follicle stem cells rescue the regenerative capacity of inflamed rat dental pulp through a paracrine pathway

Hong

Chen

et al. 2020

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Background: Pulpitis is a common dental disease characterized by sustained inflammation and impaired pulp selfrepair. Mesenchymal stem cell-based minimally invasive vital pulp therapy (MSC-miVPT) is a potential treatment method, but its application is limited by the difficulty in acquiring MSCs. We recently revealed the immunomodulatory effects of rat dental follicle stem cells (rDFSCs) on acute lung injury. The present study focused on the paracrine effects of rDFSCs on the inflammation and regeneration of rat injured dental pulp to detect whether DFSCs are a potential candidate for MSC-miVPT. Methods: Conditioned medium from rDFSCs (rDFSC-CM) was applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat dental pulp cells (rDPCs). The inflammation and regeneration of rDPCs were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay, and Masson's staining. The effects of rDFSC-CM on inflamed rat dental pulp were further evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Results: rDFSC-CM downregulated the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which resulted in suppression of the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and promotion of the expression of IL-4 and TGF-β, and these findings lead to the attenuation of rDPC inflammation. rDFSC-CM enhanced the in vitro proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation of inflammatory rDPCs and their in vivo ectopic dentinogenesis. Furthermore, rDFSC-CM inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration in rat pulpitis and triggered Runx2 expression in some of the odontoblast-like cells surrounding the injured site, and these effects were conducive to the repair of inflamed dental pulp. Conclusions: rDFSC-CM exhibits therapeutic potential by rescuing the regeneration of the inflamed rat dental pulp through an immunomodulatory mechanism, indicating the application prospects of DFSCs in biological regenerative endodontics.

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“…DPSC play an important role in pulpal defense and are recruited from their niche, migrate to the affected site and then differentiate into odontoblasts to form reparative dentine (Shi and Gronthos, 2003). Considering that DPSC are the reserve cells for pulp injury and repair, we used LPS to stimulate DPSC to establish an inflammatory dental pulp cells model (Widbiller et al, 2018;Xue et al, 2018), and explored the anti-inflammatory and differentiation inducing function of HBD4 in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Application of Human β-Defensin 4 in Dental Pulp Repair

et al. 2020

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When pulp tissue is damaged by caries or trauma, vital pulp therapy (VPT) can help preserve the pulp tissue for long-term retention of teeth. However, the choice of pulp capping agent used in VPT is important for the successful preservation of the pulp tissue. Here we investigated the expression and biological function of human βdefensin 4 (HBD4) in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and explored its potential as a pulp capping agent. We examined the expression of HBD4 in DPSC in vitro using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. We also looked at the effect of HBD4 on inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DPSC, and its effects on mineralizing cell phenotype differentiation, via qPCR and western blot. Finally, we examined the ability of HBD4 to promote the restoration of the pulp-dentin complex in vivo, using male Wistar rats with reversible pulpitis. We found HBD4 was highly expressed in DPSC stimulated by TNF-α and IL-1α. HBD4 down-regulated the expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated DPSC, and suppressed MAPK activity and the NF-κB pathway. HBD4 also enhanced the differentiation of DPSC into osteoblasts or odontoblasts, potentially by modulating the Notch pathway. Furthermore, HBD4 controlled the degree of pulp inflammation in a rat model of reversible pulpitis and induced the formation of restorative dentin. Together our findings indicate HBD4 may be a useful pulp capping agent for use in VPT.

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Simvastatin increases cell viability and suppresses the expression of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor in inflamed human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Abstract: Taken together, these results suggested that simvastatin might be a potent ingredient to enhance cell proliferation, alleviate inflammation response and attune vasculogenesis in pulpitis.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

Dental follicle stem cells rescue the regenerative capacity of inflamed rat dental pulp through a paracrine pathway

Potential Application of Human β-Defensin 4 in Dental Pulp Repair

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