Sinapine and related esters in seed meal of Crambe abyssinica

Austin, F. L.; Wolff, I. A.

doi:10.1021/jf60155a026

Cited by 59 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similarly, a wide range of sinapine content (0.4-1.8%) was determined for several cultivars ofCruciferae crops including the Brassica species (Kerber and Buchloh 1980). However, Argentine and Polish rape contained only 0.94% and 0.92% ofsinapine, respectively (Austin and Wolff 1968). Furthermore, Blair and Reichert (1984) reported that the average content of sinapine in defatted rapeseed and canola cotyledons was 2.67% and 2.85%, respectively.…”

Section: Phenolic Acids and Tannins In Rapeseed Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact mechanism of the action of ammonia on sinapine is unknown. However, Austin and Wolff (1968) reported that, under alkaline conditions, sinapine is hydrolyzed to sinapic acid and choline. Extraction of Candle and Tower canola meals by ethanol containing 0.2 M ammonia (Goh et al 1982) removed up to 82 % and 39% of their phenolics content, respecti vel y.…”

Section: Effect Of Processing Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic Acids and Tannins in Rapeseed and Canola

Kozłowska¹,

Naczk²,

Shahidi³

et al. 1990

Canola and Rapeseed

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Section: Phenolic Acids and Tannins In Rapeseed Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Processing Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Acids and Tannins in Rapeseed and Canola

Kozłowska¹,

Naczk²,

Shahidi³

et al. 1990

Canola and Rapeseed

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“…It is hydrolyzed during germination by aromatic choline esterase into choline and sinapic acid (Clausen et al 1985). Both hydrolysis products of sinapine appear to have metabolic importance in higher plantssinapic acid for biosynthesis of lignan and flavonoids, and choline for its function in the methylation cycle used in plants for membrane synthesis (Austin and Wolff 1968). Sinapic acid is the predominant phenolic acid in rapeseed and it has been reported to be the most antioxidative component of canola meal (Wanasundara et al 1994) Recently, the use of sinapine as an anticarcinogen has been suggested due to its very strong radiation protection effects (Li et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and seasonal variation in the sinapine content of seed from Brassica and Sinapis species

Wang¹,

Oomah²,

McGREGOR³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 1998. Genetic and seasonal variation in the sinapine content of seed from Brassica and Sinapis species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 395-400. Seeds of 25 strains and cultivars of five Brassica species, (B. rapa, B. nigra, B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata) and Sinapis alba field grown at Saskatoon in 1990 and 1991 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for sinapine content. Significant genetic variation of sinapine content per seed was found among the species tested. The variation in sinapine content per seed was much greater than for sinapine concentration of oil-free meal. Sinapine content per seed was positively correlated with seed size. The interaction of species and year was only significant for sinapine content per seed (α = 0.05). Variation in sinapine concentration of oil-free meal was mainly due to genetic variability, and environmental effects were relatively small. Thus, it should be possible to select for low sinapine in the Brassica oilseed crops, merely by selecting for low sinapine concentration of oil-free meal. Des variations génétiques statistiquement significatives étaient observées à cet égard parmi les diverses espèces étudiées. La teneur en sinapine des graines entières était beaucoup plus variable que celle du tourteau déshuilé. En outre, elle était positivement corrélée à la grosseur des graines. L'interaction espèce-année n'était significative que pour la teneur en sinapine par graine (α = 0,05). Les variations observées dans le tourteau déshuilé étaient principalement d'ordre génétique, l'environnement y étant relativement peu en cause. On devrait donc pouvoir sélection-ner sur la basse teneur en sinapine chez les Brassicas oléagineux simplement à partir des concentrations de cette substance dans le tourteau déshuilé.

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“…The term (A ini ± A fin )/Dt was evaluated from the linear part of the progress curve displayed on the spectrophotometer. The SAEs were determined by Austin's method [15]. The concentration was evaluated on the basis of the absorbance calculated according to Mueller et al [16].…”

Section: Analysis Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of a Laccase and Decrease of the Phenolic Content in Canola Meal during the Growth of the Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation Processes

2004

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Solid state fermentation of canola meal was carried out with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus DAOM 197961, which is a producer of laccase. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of moisture content, inoculum size, homogenisation of inoculum and particle size of canola meal on the growth of the fungus, the production of a laccase and the decrease of the content of sinapic acid esters (SAE) in a solid state process. The results showed that the optimum moisture content, which was varied in the media between 50% and 75%, for the growth and enzyme production was 60%. The initial rate of SAE content decrease was faster in the media with 70% and 75% moisture than in those with lower moisture levels. In the study of the effects of inoculum concentration in the range of 1.1 mg to 5.5 mg/g of the medium, it was found that larger amounts of biomass and enzyme were produced in the media with inoculum concentrations from 1.1 mg to 3.3 mg/g of the medium than in the media with a higher inoculum concentration. The final and approximately the same concentrations of SAE were reached at the same time regardless of the inoculum concentration. Considering that the fungus formed pellets under the conditions at which it was grown during the inoculum preparation, it was necessary to break them by homogenisation prior to their utilisation as an inoculum. The homogenisation was carried out during a period between 15 s and 200 s. Although higher biomass concentrations and enzyme activities were obtained in the media which were inoculated with the inoculum homogenised for 15 s and 30 s, the maximum enzyme activities and biomass concentrations were reached in the media inoculated with the inoculum, which was homogenised for 120 s and 200 s. The time of inoculum homogenisation did not influence the kinetics of the SAE decrease. When the effects of the particle size of canola meal on the process were studied, it was found that larger particles of the meal in the solid media were more favourable for the production of the biomass and enzyme, and for a faster decrease of the SAE content than those of smaller sizes. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the tested variables have a significant influence on the growth of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus DAOM 197961, the production of laccase and the decrease of the SAE content in canola meal. The data could be useful for the development of a solid state process for the production of laccase and for the decrease of the phenolics content in canola meal.

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Sinapine and related esters in seed meal of Crambe abyssinica

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Phenolic Acids and Tannins in Rapeseed and Canola

Phenolic Acids and Tannins in Rapeseed and Canola

Genetic and seasonal variation in the sinapine content of seed from Brassica and Sinapis species

Production of a Laccase and Decrease of the Phenolic Content in Canola Meal during the Growth of the Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation Processes

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