Singing and Stuttering

Falk, Simone; Schreier, Ramona; Russo, Frank A.

doi:10.4324/9781315162546-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Increased functional activation in singers have been associated to represent improved kinesthetic motor ability. In marked contrast, individuals with speech production disorders show abnormal activation patterns in motor-associated brain areas (Falk et al 2020). For instance, conduction aphasia has been viewed as a deficit in sensory-motor integration (Buchsbaum et al 2011); improvements of stuttering is associated with gaining enhanced motor control (Falk et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Singing Behavior during Childhood Predicts Language Performance during Adulthood

2022

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Research on singing and language abilities has gained considerable interest in the past decade. While several studies about singing ability and language capacity have been published, investigations on individual differences in singing behavior during childhood and its relationship to language capacity in adulthood have largely been neglected. We wanted to focus our study on whether individuals who had sung more often during childhood than their peers were also better in language and music capacity during adulthood. We used questionnaires to assess singing behavior of adults during childhood and tested them for their singing ability, their music perception skills, and their ability to perceive and pronounce unfamiliar languages. The results have revealed that the more often individuals had sung during childhood, the better their singing ability and language pronunciation skills were, while the amount of childhood singing was less predictive on music and language perception skills. We suggest that the amount of singing during childhood seems to influence the ability to sing and the ability to acquire foreign language pronunciation later in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Singing Behavior during Childhood Predicts Language Performance during Adulthood

2022

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“…In addition to differences in magnitude of the respiratory, laryngeal and articulatory movements (11)(12)(13)(14), stuttering is characterized by increased variability and disrupted timing between and within these different movements (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Furthermore, some rhythmic conditions, such as singing or speaking along with a metronome, frequently improve the speech fluency of people who stutter (21)(22)(23)(24). Altogether, these observations suggest that stuttering is related to a temporal processing deficit (25)(26)(27)9,10,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rhythmic tapping difficulties in adults who stutter: a deficit in Central Clock and/or Motor Implementation?

Slis¹,

Savariaux²,

Perrier³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The study aims to better understand the origin of increased tapping variability and inaccuracy in people who stutter during paced and un-paced tapping. The overall question is to what extent these timing difficulties are related to a central clock deficit, a deficit in motor execution, or both.Finger tapping behavior of 16 adults who stutter (PWS) with different levels of musical training was compared with performance of 16 matching controls (PNS) in three finger tapping synchronization tasks ― a simple 1:1 isochronous pattern, a complex non-isochronous pattern, and a 4 tap:1 beat isochronous pattern ―, a continuation task (without external stimulation), and a reaction task involving aperiodic and unpredictable patterns. The results show that PWS exhibited larger negative asynchrony (expressed as phase angles), and increased synchronization variability (expressed as phase locking values) in paced tapping tasks, and that these differences from the PNS group were modulated by rhythmic complexity and musical training. The tapping asynchrony with a simple isochronous pattern correlated significantly with the average inter-tap duration, and with tap reaction times during the reaction task. The synchronization variability with a simple isochronous pattern correlated significantly with both the central clock and motor implementation variances as extracted during un-paced tapping, according to the Wing and Kristofferson’s model of timing.The results support the idea that increased tapping variability of PWS is associated with both a central clock and a motor execution deficit. The greater Negative Mean Asynchrony of PWS does not appear to be attributable to a deficit in time estimation but rather to a motor deficit. Several models and theories related to deficits in sensorimotor integration were considered to explain the interactions with beat strength, pattern complexity, and musical training.

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“…In their "dual premotor" model, Alm et al [80] distinguished a "medial" premotor circuit (involving the basal ganglia and the supplementary motor area), involved when initiating and sequencing automatized self-triggered actions, and a "lateral" premotor circuit (involving the cerebellum and the lateral premotor cortex), involved in initiating and sequencing nonautomatized actions, triggered by external stimuli. They suggested that the medial circuit is impaired in stutterers, while the lateral one is intact, explaining the observed improved fluency of PWS while speaking with a metronome, choral reading, and singing [81][82][83][84]. It was hypothesized that this external information either provides triggers to initiate speech sequences or forces the speaker to pay close attention to the available sensory information, making the movements less automatized.…”

Section: Motor Delays and Variability In The Execution Of Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic tapping difficulties in adults who stutter: A deficit in beat perception, motor execution, or sensorimotor integration?

et al. 2023

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Objectives The study aims to better understand the rhythmic abilities of people who stutter and to identify which processes potentially are impaired in this population: (1) beat perception and reproduction; (2) the execution of movements, in particular their initiation; (3) sensorimotor integration. Material and method Finger tapping behavior of 16 adults who stutter (PWS) was compared with that of 16 matching controls (PNS) in five rhythmic tasks of various complexity: three synchronization tasks ― a simple 1:1 isochronous pattern, a complex non-isochronous pattern, and a 4 tap:1 beat isochronous pattern ―, a reaction task to an aperiodic and unpredictable pattern, and a reproduction task of an isochronous pattern after passively listening. Results PWS were able to reproduce an isochronous pattern on their own, without external auditory stimuli, with similar accuracy as PNS, but with increased variability. This group difference in variability was observed immediately after passive listening, without prior motor engagement, and was not enhanced or reduced after several seconds of tapping. Although PWS showed increased tapping variability in the reproduction task as well as in synchronization tasks, this timing variability did not correlate significantly with the variability in reaction times or tapping force. Compared to PNS, PWS exhibited larger negative mean asynchronies, and increased synchronization variability in synchronization tasks. These group differences were not affected by beat hierarchy (i.e., “strong” vs. “weak” beats), pattern complexity (non-isochronous vs. isochronous) or presence versus absence of external auditory stimulus (1:1 vs. 1:4 isochronous pattern). Differences between PWS and PNS were not enhanced or reduced with sensorimotor learning, over the first taps of a synchronization task. Conclusion Our observations support the hypothesis of a deficit in neuronal oscillators coupling in production, but not in perception, of rhythmic patterns, and a larger delay in multi-modal feedback processing for PWS.

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Singing and Stuttering

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Individual Differences in Singing Behavior during Childhood Predicts Language Performance during Adulthood

Individual Differences in Singing Behavior during Childhood Predicts Language Performance during Adulthood

Rhythmic tapping difficulties in adults who stutter: a deficit in Central Clock and/or Motor Implementation?

Rhythmic tapping difficulties in adults who stutter: A deficit in beat perception, motor execution, or sensorimotor integration?

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