Single and combined Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst deactivation by iron and calcium metal–organic contaminants

Mathieu, Yannick; Corma, Avelino; Echard, Michaël; Bories, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.10.007

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The permanent deactivation of FCC catalysts has been under extensive study over the last decades 1 . Previous studies identified persistent coke deposits, the reaction environment in the riser, the hydrothermal conditions imposed by the regenerator, and feed contaminants, including sodium, nickel, calcium, vanadium, and iron 4 , 5 , 10 – 14 interacting with and accumulating in the composite as the main reasons behind permanent catalyst deactivation 15 – 17 . The deactivation of the active zeolites itself through operational wear and impurities is now well considered 18 , and zeolites are now designed to account for some material deactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional view of structural changes caused by deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

et al. 2017

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Since its commercial introduction three-quarters of a century ago, fluid catalytic cracking has been one of the most important conversion processes in the petroleum industry. In this process, porous composites composed of zeolite and clay crack the heavy fractions in crude oil into transportation fuel and petrochemical feedstocks. Yet, over time the catalytic activity of these composite particles decreases. Here, we report on ptychographic tomography, diffraction, and fluorescence tomography, as well as electron microscopy measurements, which elucidate the structural changes that lead to catalyst deactivation. In combination, these measurements reveal zeolite amorphization and distinct structural changes on the particle exterior as the driving forces behind catalyst deactivation. Amorphization of zeolites, in particular, close to the particle exterior, results in a reduction of catalytic capacity. A concretion of the outermost particle layer into a dense amorphous silica–alumina shell further reduces the mass transport to the active sites within the composite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional view of structural changes caused by deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

et al. 2017

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“…Calcination in air at temperatures generally above 773K is a well-known regeneration procedure when the catalyst is deactivated by the formation of coke 65,66 . Thus, in a first attempt, a deactivated MDA catalyst, used for 6 hours TOS under the same conditions as those presented in Figure 1, has been regenerated by "in-situ" calcination in an air flow of 100 ml/min, at 813K for six hours and then cooled down to room temperature.…”

Section: Reference Reaction/regeneration Cyclic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane: an effective reaction–regeneration cyclic operation for catalyst life extension

Portilla

Llopis²,

Martı́nez

2015

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Non-oxidative methane aromatization is an attractive direct route for producing higher hydrocarbons, highly selective to benzene despite the low conversions due to thermodynamic limitations, and Mo/H-ZSM-5, the first catalyst proposed for this reaction, is still considered as one of the most adequate. The major problem of this process is the severe catalyst deactivation due to the rapid buildup of carbonaceous deposits on the catalysts.Here we present an effective regeneration procedure that extends the life of Mo/zeolite based catalysts by combining reaction periods of 1.5 h with 0.5 h regeneration steps in a continuous cyclic mode and methane activation after each regeneration stage. Benzene productivity obtained with Mo/ZSM-5 is shown to be almost constant for increasing TOS ranges when applying this new cyclic protocol, and threefold values are achieved for an 18 h on stream period by limiting the reaction steps to the first 1.5 h of maximum benzene selectivity (97 vs. 33 g benzene/kg cat·h) as compared to a conventional single run.

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“…The quantities of phosphorus pentoxide and iron increased after use, as well as the contents of the elements Na, Ni and V, that were not found in the fresh catalyst (Mathieu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Catalyst Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acidic Removal of Metals From Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Waste Assisted by Electrokinetic Treatment

Valt

Diógenes

Sanches

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-One of the main uses of catalysts in the oil industry is in the fluidized catalytic cracking process, which generates large quantities of waste material after use and regeneration cycles and that can be treated by the electrokinetic remediation technique, in which the contaminant metals are transported by migration. In this study, deactivated FCC catalyst was characterized before and after the electrokinetic remediation process to evaluate the amount of metal removed, and assess structural modifications, in order to indicate a possible use as an adsorbent material. The analyses included pH measurement and the concentration profile of vanadium ions along the reactor, X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence, BET analysis and DTA analysis. The results indicated that 40% of the surface area of the material was recovered in relation to the disabled material, showing an increase in the available area for the adsorption. The remediation process removed nearly 31% of the vanadium and 72% of the P 2 O 5 adhering to the surface of the catalyst, without causing structural or thermal stability changes.

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Single and combined Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst deactivation by iron and calcium metal–organic contaminants

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

A three-dimensional view of structural changes caused by deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

A three-dimensional view of structural changes caused by deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane: an effective reaction–regeneration cyclic operation for catalyst life extension

Acidic Removal of Metals From Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Waste Assisted by Electrokinetic Treatment

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