Single and Multi-Phase Flow Loop Testing for Characterization and Optimization of Flow Control Devices Used in SAGD: The Effect of Viscosity and Gas-to-Liquid Ratio on Tool Performance

Yusuf, Yishak; Roostaei, Morteza; Soroush, Mohammad; Rosi, Giuseppe; Berner, Kelly; Tegegne, Nathan; Mohammadtabar, Farshad; Izadi, Hossein; Zhu, Da; Mahmoudi, Mahdi; Fattahpour, Vahidoddin; Nobes, David S.

doi:10.2118/203865-ms

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…However, only a limited number of oil companies, such as Weatherford, Halliburton, and ConocoPhillips, have devoted resources to the research and experimentation of OCDs. Although nozzle-type OCD devices were employed in the field, there was a lack of relevant foundations for optimizing the design of nozzle structures . Considering the widespread application of horizontal well steam injection technology in the exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs and the notable advantages exhibited by OCDs in enhancing steam injection uniformity, conducting research on the structural design and optimization of nozzles to improve steam injection uniformity in horizontal wells carried substantial significance. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Design Method of a Supersonic Steam Injection Nozzle and Its Numerical Simulation Verification

Wang,

Pang,

Tian

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Steam huff-n-puff in horizontal wells often had limitations, such as uneven steam injection and low reservoir utilization. To improve steam injection efficiency, a new method for designing a supersonic nozzle was proposed based on the principles of aerodynamics and thermodynamics. The nozzle featured a tapering section, a throat, and a diverging section. The best geometric shape of the tapering section was the Witoszynski curve. A set of nozzle size designs were established, and the size parameters were optimized. The results showed that the nozzle could inject steam into the formation at supersonic speed and it had the characteristics of constant flow rate and uniform development of the steam chamber. According to the steam Reynolds number and the good aggregation distribution characteristics of the size design model, three sequential nozzles of 3.0, 5.0, and 6.5 mm were formed based on the throat. When the throat diameter was 5.0 mm, the tapering length was 4.3 mm, the diverging length was 5.5 mm, the throat length was 3.0 mm, the inlet diameter was 9.8 mm, and the outlet diameter was 6.2 mm. Numerical simulations indicated that the pressure drop loss during steam huff-n-puff injection in horizontal wells was within 10%. It was of great significance to establish the nozzle size design model of the steam injection effect of horizontal wells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Design Method of a Supersonic Steam Injection Nozzle and Its Numerical Simulation Verification

Wang,

Pang,

Tian

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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A practical workflow to design inflow control devices in SAGD projects to increase production and lower fresh water usage

Izadi,

Leung,

Roostaei

et al. 2024

Fuel

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Unsupervised PSD Clustering to Assess Reservoir Quality Along the Horizontal Wells: An Efficient Inflow Control Devices Design

Izadi

Roostaei²,

Mahmoudi³

et al. 2023

Day 1 Wed, March 15, 2023

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In steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations, inflow control devices (ICDs) might provide an extra pressure drop (ΔP) on top of the liquid pool's ΔP. To avoid hot-spot zones, this ΔP design heavily relies on reservoir quality. Flow-loop experiments can provide flow قate measurements versus ΔP for various nozzle designs. Therefore, an efficient ICD design should be investigated in a numerical flow simulation that represents reservoir quality and heterogeneity by employing flow-loop data. In this study, core analysis and 40 PSD data drilled in the same location are collected, and permeability for each PSD is estimated using a correlation developed in our previous study. Given PSD offers a measure of hydraulic properties and heterogeneity, it can provide an indirect indicator of potential hot-spot zones. Moreover, representative PSDs are determined by using a clustering algorithm to tie the best-designed ICD to the relevant geology. The reservoir model for the database's location is generated using real data, three tabular data from flow-loop experiments are assigned to the reservoir simulation, and the ICDs' performances are compared. The clustering algorithm generated five groups with a weighted average permeability of 4,013 mD. The first and second largest clusters with 6.55% and 35.05% fines content cover 55% and 23% of the database, respectively. By employing a relatively conservative production with subcooling between 10°C and 15°C, the cases with liner deployed (LD) ICDs offered a greater oil production rate, better steam conformance, and lower cumulative steam oil ratio (cSOR) than the cases without ICDs. However, in a rather risky production scenario with subcool between 1°C and 5°C, the case without ICDs could not be simulated in the desired the subcool temperature. Because of its enhanced steam conformance and slightly higher oil production rate, LDICD#1 was picked as the best case for the two scenarios. Compared to the case without ICDs, the oil production rate and cSOR for the case with LDICD#1 at higher subcool temperature rose by 17% and reduced by 8%, respectively. Compared to the case without ICDs, the oil production rate and cSOR for the case at lower subcool temperature with LDICD#1 raised by 21% and reduced by 12%, respectively. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ICDs at various subcool levels. The results could be applied in SAGD projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the water and natural gas usage to generate steam. Completion and production engineers would benefit from a better understanding of production relative performance to develop more effective operations design.

show abstract

Single and Multi-Phase Flow Loop Testing for Characterization and Optimization of Flow Control Devices Used in SAGD: The Effect of Viscosity and Gas-to-Liquid Ratio on Tool Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

New Design Method of a Supersonic Steam Injection Nozzle and Its Numerical Simulation Verification

New Design Method of a Supersonic Steam Injection Nozzle and Its Numerical Simulation Verification

A practical workflow to design inflow control devices in SAGD projects to increase production and lower fresh water usage

Unsupervised PSD Clustering to Assess Reservoir Quality Along the Horizontal Wells: An Efficient Inflow Control Devices Design

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