Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration to rabbits

Abstract

OBJECTIVE-To determine the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration every 24 hours to rabbits during a 10-day period. ANIMALS-8 healthy 9-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES-Marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg) was administered orally every 24 hours to 8 rabbits for 10 days. The first day of administration was designated as day 1. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.17, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours on days 1 and 10 of marbofloxacin administration. Plasma marbofloxacin concentrations were quantitated by use of a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis of marbofloxacin was analyzed via noncompartmental methods. RESULTS-After oral administration, mean +/- SD area under the curve was 10.50 +/- 2.00 microg.h/mL and 10.90 +/- 2.45 microg.h/mL, maximum plasma concentration was 1.73 +/- 0.35 microg/mL and 2.56 +/- 0.71 microg/mL, and harmonic mean terminal half-life was 8.0 hours and 3.9 hours for days 0 and 10, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Marbofloxacin administered orally every 24 hours for 10 days appeared to be absorbed well and tolerated by rabbits. Administration of marbofloxacin at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours is recommended for rabbits to control infections attributable to susceptible bacteria.

Original article Pharmacokinetic profiles of marbofloxacin following single and repeated oral administration in broiler chickens

“…In present study, mean values of elimination half-lives (t 1/2 ) were 4.62 ± 0.42 and 5.63 ± 0.60 h after single and repeated dose, respectively. Carpenter et al (2009) observed lower value of t 1/2 of 3.90 ± 0.00 h in rabbits after repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin. Whereas, higher value of t 1/2 of 7.77 ± 0.31 h was reported after repeated oral administration in cats (Albarellos et al, 2005).…”

“…However, after six days, repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin in cats, higher value of C max (2.34 ± 0.98 µg/ml at 1.60 ± 1.20 h) was observed as compare to respective value of C max (1.78 ± 0.53 µg/ml at 1.61 ± 1.80 h), following single dose of drug (Albarellos et al, 2005). Carpenter et al (2009) also reported higher C max value of 2.56 ± 0.71 µg/ml at 1.40 ± 0.44 h in rabbits after repeated oral administration for 10 days as compare to respective value of 1.73 ± 0.35 µg/ml at 1.60 ± 0.94 h after single dose. The plasma concentrations of marbofloxacin of  0.38 ± 0.06 (after single dose) and  0.43 ± 0.07 g/ml (after repeated dose) were maintained up to 12 h after drug administration.…”

“…Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after single oral administration in various animal species and birds revealed its poor oral bioavailability, which limits its therapeutic effectiveness. Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin following repeated oral administration have been conducted in cats (Albarellos et al, 2005) and rabbits (Carpenter et al, 2009). Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after repeated oral administration in broiler chickens were not studied earlier.…”

Advances in Exotic Mammal Clinical Therapeutics

“…13 The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin has been studied in many species, but few reports are available on its disposition in rabbits. [14][15][16] Interestingly, the terminal half-life of marbofloxacin was shorter when administered SC compared with either the intramuscular or the intravenous (IV) route, 16 although a very high bioavailability was identified for marbofloxacin when administered through the intramuscular and SC routes. 15,16 Fluoroquinolones exhibit concentration-dependent bactericidal activity.…”

Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on the faecal microbiome of a single dose of pradofloxacin oral suspension in the rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus)

“…Bacterial diseases, especially gram‐negative infections associated with Pasteurella multocida , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli , are common in various organ systems of the rabbit, including the skin (Varga & Paterson, 2020), respiratory tract (Lennox & Mancinelli, 2020), gastrointestinal tract (Oglesbee & Lord, 2020), urinary tract and reproductive system (Di Girolamo & Selleri, 2020). Pharmacokinetic profiles for fluoroquinolones that have been, or are currently commercially available in rabbits, have been reported for enrofloxacin (Broome et al, 1991; Elmas et al, 2007), ciprofloxacin (Bashir et al, 2008; Hanan et al, 2000), marbofloxacin (Carpenter et al, 2009; Marín et al, 2013), danofloxacin (Fernández‐Varón et al, 2007), levofloxacin (Sitovs et al, 2020) and orbifloxacin (Marín et al, 2008; Watson et al, 2015).…”