Single Blinded Study on the Feasibility of Decontaminating LA-MRSA in Pig Compartments under Routine Conditions

Kobusch, Iris; Muller, H. Arnold; Mellmann, Alexander; Köck, Robin; Boelhauve, Marc

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040141

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…At the end of the fattening period, the analyzed surfaces show a higher rate of LA-MRSA positive samples than the animals. Similar results could already be found in own previous studies 12 , 15 . Here, it was found out that the contamination with LA-MRSA on surfaces and in the air in the barn depends on LA-MRSA status and development of the housed pig 15 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similar results could already be found in own previous studies 12 , 15 . Here, it was found out that the contamination with LA-MRSA on surfaces and in the air in the barn depends on LA-MRSA status and development of the housed pig 15 . Conventional and alternative husbandries showed a high proportion of LA-MRSA positive samples, whereas almost no LA-MRSA was detectable in the organic farms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…change of the building, new group composition, underground, air ventilation systems, water and feeding system). In our own studies 12 , 15 it was found that the colonization of the animals and the surfaces adapts to the changed conditions over a period of several weeks after being housed in a new stable (with new environmental conditions).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence of LA-MRSA in pigsties: analysis of factors influencing the (De)colonization process

Kobusch

Schröter

Linnemann

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Professional pig husbandry is often associated with a more or less high load of LA-MRSA. Possible risk factors for LA-MRSA colonization in pig herds have already been identified in studies suggesting that housing conditions may affect LA-MRSA prevalence. In Europe, pigs are kept under variety of conditions. The aim of this study is to identify husbandry and housing condition factors that affect colonization with LA-MRSA. 78 pig farms were selected and assigned to three categories according to housing conditions: conventional, alternative and organic. Animal and surface samples were taken and examined for the presence of LA-MRSA at beginning and end of one fattening period per farm. Altogether, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in colonization with LA-MRSA from beginning to end of the fattening periods in pigs and surfaces can be observed. Alternative farms showed a higher dynamic in the colonization. In organic farms, almost no colonization was found. Influencing housing condition factors that determine LA-MRSA status at the end of the fattening period are the number of pigs in the building, LA-MRSA status at the beginning of fattening period, material of the floor (straw bedding), strictness of black–white separation and antibiotic treatment during the fattening period. For pig farming in general, knowledge and measures to reduce the colonization with LA-MRSA would be important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence of LA-MRSA in pigsties: analysis of factors influencing the (De)colonization process

Kobusch

Schröter

Linnemann

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…One aspect of the problem is that LA-MRSA is not only detected in the nares of animals, but also on surfaces, such as stable walls and equipment, as well as in the air and in dust samples [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Although well-conducted cleaning and disinfection can be effective in decontaminating the farm environment, new animals that are brought to this setting will recontaminate the environment, including the air, within a few minutes, if they carry LA-MRSA [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study on Alteration of LA-MRSA Status of Pigs during Fattening Period on Straw Bedding by Two Types of Cleaning

et al. 2021

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In countries with professional pig husbandry in stables, the prevalence of livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on farms has remained high or has further increased in recent years. Simple measures to reduce LA-MRSA among pigs have not yet been successfully implemented. The aim of this pilot study is twofold: first, to examine how the LA-MRSA status of LA-MRSA positive fattening pigs at the date of housing changes over the fatting period on straw bedding and, second, whether this change could be influenced by the quality of cleaning and disinfection (C&D). For this purpose, 122 animals are individually tested for LA-MRSA carriage at five sequential time points comparing pigs housed on a farm using straw bedding plus C&D (n = 59) vs. straw bedding plus simple cleaning (n = 63). At the time of housing, all animals in both groups are LA-MRSA positive. This status changes to 0% in the group with simple cleaning until the end of fattening and 28% in the C&D group. LA-MRSA in environmental and air samples is also reduced over the fattening period. The results indicate that keeping pigs on straw might be one way to reduce LA-MRSA during the fattening period with simple cleaning appearing to be more beneficial than C&D. Further investigations are necessary to determine the influencing factors more precisely.

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“…When looking at the skin samples from the controlled facility, the picture is less clear. It seems that the number of pigs positive by any of the methods increased from two at the first time point to five at the second and third time points, possibly indicating that MRSA contamination of the environment in the controlled facility increased throughout the trial period as has been seen before [42]. A much longer study period and repeated decontamination of the environment would be necessary to find out whether the bacteria were still able to multiply in the pigs, as LA-MRSA has been shown to survive outside its host in farm dust for weeks [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Low-level colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs is maintained by slowly evolving, closely related strains in Finnish pig farms

et al. 2022

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Background Over the past two decades, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has become widely prevalent in pig production in Europe. The carriage status of LA-MRSA is known to vary among individual pigs, but bacterial load in pigs has rarely been studied. We assessed the quantity of LA-MRSA in nasal and skin samples of pigs and investigated the genetic diversity of the strains together with sequenced strains from national surveillance and pathology samples from the Finnish Food Authority. On two farms with assumed MRSA-positive status, farm 1 and farm 2, 10 healthy pigs were sampled three times during 2 weeks from the nares and skin (study A). On farm 1, 54 additional pigs were sampled and from confirmed MRSA-positive animals, 10 were randomly selected and transported to a clean, controlled environment for further sampling (study B). From the samples taken on farms 1 and 2 and in the controlled environment, MRSA was isolated both by direct plating and enrichment on selective media. spa types, multilocus sequence types, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types, resistance and virulence genes were determined. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis was performed, including the sequences deriving from the surveillance/pathology samples from the Finnish Food Authority. Results All pigs on farm 1 carried LA-MRSA in the nares at all three time points and five pigs on farm 2 at one time point. Nasal quantity varied between 10 and 103 CFU/swab and quantity on the skin between 10 and 102 CFU/swab. In the controlled environment, MRSA was detected in at least one of the nasal samples from each animal. spa type t034 was predominant. cgMLST showed one cluster with minimum allele differences between 0 and 11. Conclusions The study shows predominantly low-level carriage (< 103 CFU/swab) of LA-MRSA on farms. In the controlled environment we observed a decline in nasal carriage but constant skin carriage. cgMLST showed that strains of spa type t034 are closely related at the national level.

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Single Blinded Study on the Feasibility of Decontaminating LA-MRSA in Pig Compartments under Routine Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of LA-MRSA in pigsties: analysis of factors influencing the (De)colonization process

Prevalence of LA-MRSA in pigsties: analysis of factors influencing the (De)colonization process

Pilot Study on Alteration of LA-MRSA Status of Pigs during Fattening Period on Straw Bedding by Two Types of Cleaning

Low-level colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs is maintained by slowly evolving, closely related strains in Finnish pig farms

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