“…As cells from the same source are usually only varied epigenetically and functionally, single‐cell functional proteome has emerged as a research field of intense interest owing to the significant role proteins play in cell type identification, signaling transduction, proliferation and apoptosis, transcription regulation, inflammation, and cell communication 1. The proteomic tools present a highly promising tool for variant applications in the fields of systems biology, pathology, cell biology, and clinical diagnostics 2, 3. The key power of such techniques comes from the synergistic combination of single‐cell measurements and quantitative detection of molecular targets.…”
Highly multiplexed detection of proteins secreted by single cells is always challenging. Herein, a multiplexed in situ tagging technique based on single‐stranded DNA encoded microbead arrays and multicolor successive imaging for assaying single‐cell secreted proteins with high throughput and high sensitivity is presented. This technology is demonstrated to be capable of increasing the multiplexity exponentially. Upon integration with polydimethylsiloxane microwells, this platform is applied to detect ten immune effector proteins from differentiated single macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Significant heterogeneity is observed when the derived human primary macrophages are analyzed. This versatile technology is expected to open new opportunities in systems biology, immune regulation studies, signaling analysis, and molecular diagnostics.
“…As cells from the same source are usually only varied epigenetically and functionally, single‐cell functional proteome has emerged as a research field of intense interest owing to the significant role proteins play in cell type identification, signaling transduction, proliferation and apoptosis, transcription regulation, inflammation, and cell communication 1. The proteomic tools present a highly promising tool for variant applications in the fields of systems biology, pathology, cell biology, and clinical diagnostics 2, 3. The key power of such techniques comes from the synergistic combination of single‐cell measurements and quantitative detection of molecular targets.…”
Highly multiplexed detection of proteins secreted by single cells is always challenging. Herein, a multiplexed in situ tagging technique based on single‐stranded DNA encoded microbead arrays and multicolor successive imaging for assaying single‐cell secreted proteins with high throughput and high sensitivity is presented. This technology is demonstrated to be capable of increasing the multiplexity exponentially. Upon integration with polydimethylsiloxane microwells, this platform is applied to detect ten immune effector proteins from differentiated single macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Significant heterogeneity is observed when the derived human primary macrophages are analyzed. This versatile technology is expected to open new opportunities in systems biology, immune regulation studies, signaling analysis, and molecular diagnostics.
“…The value in analyzing single cells as biological units of disease to more accurately record the individual and range of cellular responses is increasingly recognized, as is the value of multiparameter single cell analysis that can be obtained using next‐generation technologies. This includes identification of rare genetic mutations within a tumor, better understanding of signaling and metabolic pathways, and prediction of the optimal treatment regimens to prevent tumor regrowth 4, 5, 6. Next‐generation technologies are defined here as methods that permit medium to high throughput, and multiparameter analyses of either fixed or living, single cell morphometric, genomic, proteomic, and/or metabolomics characteristics.…”
The high‐content interrogation of single cells with platforms optimized for the multiparameter characterization of cells in liquid and solid biopsy samples can enable characterization of heterogeneous populations of cells ex vivo. Doing so will advance the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, it is important to understand the unique issues in resolving heterogeneity and variability at the single cell level before navigating the validation and regulatory requirements in order for these technologies to impact patient care. Since 2013, leading experts representing industry, academia, and government have been brought together as part of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium to foster the potential of high‐content data integration for clinical translation.
“…1,2 In particular, the anucleate RBC is unique among human cell types as it presents a remarkable capability to undergo large passive deformations in order to traverse narrow micro-capillaries with cross-sections as small as one-third of its own diameter. Singlecell analysis became increasingly important 3 and revealed that the RBC's unique deformability is the combined result of the elastic properties of the membrane-cytoskeleton complex, the surface area-to-volume ratio, and the viscosity determined by the hemoglobin content. 4 Especially, the vibratory motions of the RBC's plasma membrane, referred to as "flickering," 5 have been related to its biomechanical properties, which have been studied extensively in both single-cell experiments and theoretical work.…”
Existing approaches to red blood cell (RBC) experiments on the single-cell level usually rely on chemical or physical manipulations that often cause difficulties with preserving the RBC's integrity in a controlled microenvironment. Here, we introduce a straightforward, self-filling microfluidic device that autonomously separates and isolates single RBCs directly from unprocessed human blood samples and confines them in diffusion-controlled microchambers by solely exploiting their unique intrinsic properties. We were able to study the photo-induced oxygenation cycle of single functional RBCs by Raman microscopy without the limitations typically observed in optical tweezers based methods. Using bright-field microscopy, our noninvasive approach further enabled the time-resolved analysis of RBC flickering during the reversible shape evolution from the discocyte to the echinocyte morphology. Due to its specialized geometry, our device is particularly suited for studying the temporal behavior of single RBCs under precise control of their environment that will provide important insights into the RBC's biomedical and biophysical properties. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx
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