Single cell induced starvation in a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Alegre, Cinthia; Lozano, Antonio; Manso, Ángel Pérez; Álvarez-Manuel, Laura; Marzo, F.F.; Barreras, Félix

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.061

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Simulations with the above discussed algorithm were performed using the datasets for single dwellings and 10-dwelling buildings. Five different CHPs were considered, which are summarized in Table 2, where "Gas ICE", "Gas turbine" and "Fuel cell" are the The fuel cell rated operating point is set in 1.6 kW and 1.9 kW for electrical and thermal power respectively, which ensures a long lifetime of the MEAs [41]. Despite this, the fuel cell is capable to achieve a maximum electrical and thermal power of 2.5 kW and 4.8 kW, respectively with excellent performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid green line corresponds to the electrical power, and the dashed green line is the estimated thermal power. The fuel cell rated operating point is set in 1.6 kW and 1.9 kW for electrical and thermal power respectively, which ensures a long lifetime of the MEAs [41]. Despite this, the fuel cell is capable to achieve a maximum electrical and thermal power of 2.5 kW and 4.8 kW, respectively with excellent performance.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Stack and Its Cooling System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

et al. 2021

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Achieving European climate neutrality by 2050 requires further efforts not only from the industry and society, but also from policymakers. The use of high-efficiency cogeneration facilities will help to reduce both primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of the increase in overall efficiency. Fuel cell-based cogeneration technologies are relevant solutions to these points for small- and microscale units. In this research, an innovative and new fuel cell-based cogeneration plant is studied, and its performance is compared with other cogeneration technologies to evaluate the potential reduction degree in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Four energy consumption profile datasets have been generated from real consumption data of different dwellings located in the Mediterranean coast of Spain to perform numerical simulations in different energy scenarios according to the fuel used in the cogeneration. Results show that the fuel cell-based cogeneration systems reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings, to a degree that depends on the heat-to-power ratio of the consumer. Primary energy consumption varies from 40% to 90% of the original primary energy consumption, when hydrogen is produced from natural gas reforming process, and from 5% to 40% of the original primary energy consumption if the cogeneration is fueled with hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources. Similar reduction degrees are achieved in CO2 emissions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell Stack and Its Cooling System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

et al. 2021

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“…Another responsible parameter for degrading PEM fuel cell performance and durability is starvation 117 . Starvation refers to an inadequate supply of fuel or oxidant under rapid load‐changing conditions 118 .…”

Section: Parameters Influencing the Performance Of Pem Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…115,116 4.3.4 | Gas starvation and contamination of the cell Another responsible parameter for degrading PEM fuel cell performance and durability is starvation. 117 Starvation refers to an inadequate supply of fuel or oxidant under rapid load-changing conditions. 118 Local starvation and overall starvation are two major types of reactant starvation.…”

Section: Catalyst Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Singh

Oberoi

Singh

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary This paper addresses the effects of critical parameters that affect the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Amongst all, control of excess water content and dehydration in PEM fuel cells is the major issue under various operating conditions. Therefore, their effects on cathode, anode, gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL), and flow channels are summarized in the initial part of this paper. Various active cooling strategies such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change method to extract the waste heat from the stack are represented. The lateral part of this paper throws light on the role of heat pipes, working fluid, and the effect of the addition of nanofluid with pertinent filling ratio (FR) in cooling of PEM fuel cells. This work is intended to aid the selection of cooling methods for PEM fuel cells through the consideration of the variety of affecting parameters preceding major expenditure for wide‐scale production. In future, cost comparison associated with the cooling techniques of the fuel cell would be evaluated.

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“…Up to now, several types of polymers have been tested in medium-and high-temperature PEMFCs, namely polyimides, polysulfones, polybenzoxazoles, poly(ether ether ketone)s, polybenzimidazoles, polyoxadiazoles, and nanostructured organic-inorganic composites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The H 3 PO 4 doping of these polymers is one of the easiest and most often-used approaches to design proton-conductive membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Ionic Conducting Composite Membrane Based on Polymerizable Ionic Liquids

et al. 2021

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In this work, the design and characterization of new supported ionic liquid membranes, as medium-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel-cell application, are described. These membranes were elaborated by the impregnation of porous polyimide Matrimid® with different synthesized protic ionic liquids containing polymerizable vinyl, allyl, or methacrylate groups. The ionic liquid polymerization was optimized in terms of the nature of the used (photo)initiator, its quantity, and reaction duration. The mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the proton conductivities of the supported ionic liquid membranes were analyzed in dynamic and static modes, as a function of the chemical structure of the protic ionic liquid. The obtained membranes were found to be flexible with Young’s modulus and elongation at break values were equal to 1371 MPa and 271%, respectively. Besides, these membranes exhibited high thermal stability with initial decomposition temperatures > 300 °C. In addition, the resulting supported membranes possessed good proton conductivity over a wide temperature range (from 30 to 150 °C). For example, the three-component Matrimid®/vinylimidazolium/polyvinylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate membrane showed the highest proton conductivity—~5 × 10−2 mS/cm and ~0.1 mS/cm at 100 °C and 150 °C, respectively. This result makes the obtained membranes attractive for medium-temperature fuel-cell application.

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Single cell induced starvation in a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Novel Ionic Conducting Composite Membrane Based on Polymerizable Ionic Liquids

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