Single-Cell Responses in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye

Wiesel, Torsten N.; Hubel, David H.

doi:10.1152/jn.1963.26.6.1003

Cited by 2,340 publications

(1,199 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Soon after the early publications on neurochemical and anatomical plasticity came another kind of evidence of cortical plasticity-the announcement by Hubel & Wiesel that depriving one eye of light in a young animal, starting at the age at which the eyes first open, reduced the number of cortical cells responding to subsequent stimulation of that eye (Wiesel & Hubel 1963.…”

Section: Training or Experience Produces Changes In The Neurochemistrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Rosenzweig

1996

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

102

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The search for neural mechanisms of memory has been under way for more than a century. The pace quickened in the 1960s when investigators found that training or differential experience leads to significant changes in brain neurochemistry, anatomy, and electrophysiology. Many steps have now been identified in the neurochemical cascade that starts with neural stimulation and ends with encoding information in long-term memory. Applications of research in this field are being made to child development, successful aging, recovery from brain damage, and animal welfare. Extensions of current research and exciting new techniques promise novel insights into mechanisms of memory in the decades ahead. CONTENTS

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Section: Training or Experience Produces Changes In The Neurochemistrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Rosenzweig

1996

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

102

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“…Sensory deprivation is known to trigger a long-lasting depression of neuronal responsiveness in primary visual and somatosensory cortices (Wiesel and Hubel, 1963;Buonomano and Merzenich, 1998;Wright et al, 2008). Although it is certain that cortical depression takes place, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this form of plasticity are not well understood, especially for adult animals that are less well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Modulate Experience-Based Cortical Depression in the Adult Mouse Somatosensory Cortex

Brown

Sweetnam²,

Beange³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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The molecular mechanisms that mediate experience-based changes in the function of the cerebral cortex, particularly in the adult animal, are poorly understood. Here we show using in vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging, that whisker trimming leads to depression of whiskerevoked sensory responses in primary, secondary and associative somatosensory cortical regions. Given the importance of cholinergic neurotransmission in cognitive and sensory functions, we examined whether ␣4-containing (␣4*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate cortical depression. Using knock-in mice that express YFP-tagged ␣4 nAChRs subunits, we show that whisker trimming selectively increased the number ␣4*-YFP nAChRs in layer 4 of deprived barrel columns within 24 h, which persisted until whiskers regrew. Confocal and electron microscopy revealed that these receptors were preferentially increased on the cell bodies of GABAergic neurons. To directly link these receptors with functional cortical depression, we show that depression could be induced in normal mice by topical application or micro-injection of ␣4* nAChR agonist in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, cortical depression could be blocked after whisker trimming with chronic infusions of an ␣4* nAChR antagonist. Collectively, these results uncover a new role for ␣4* nAChRs in regulating rapid changes in the functional responsiveness of the adult somatosensory cortex.

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“…Monocular deprivation has been a well studied model for critical period plasticity since the pioneering studies of Wiesel and Hubel (1963). Their finding that cortical neurons lose responsiveness to the deprived eye only if the deprivation begins early in life has led to the assumption that the adult cortex lacks the capacity for experience-dependent modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Deprivation Modifies Both Presynaptic Glutamate Release and the Composition of Perisynaptic/Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors in Adult Visual Cortex

Yashiro¹,

Corlew²,

Philpot

2005

J. Neurosci.

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Use-dependent modifications of synapses have been well described in the developing visual cortex, but the ability for experience to modify synapses in the adult visual cortex is poorly understood. We found that 10 d of late-onset visual deprivation modifies both presynaptic and postsynaptic elements at the layer 432/3 connection in the visual cortex of adult mice, and these changes differ from those observed in juveniles. Although visual deprivation in juvenile mice modifies the subunit composition and increases the current duration of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), no such effect is observed at synapses between layer 4 and layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in adult mice. Surprisingly, visual deprivation in adult mice enhances the temporal summation of NMDAR-mediated currents induced by bursts of high-frequency stimulation. The enhanced temporal summation of NMDAR-mediated currents in deprived cortex could not be explained by a reduction in the rate of synaptic depression, because our data indicate that late-onset visual deprivation actually increases the rate of synaptic depression. Biochemical and electrophysiological evidence instead suggest that the enhanced temporal summation in adult mice could be accounted for by a change in the molecular composition of NMDARs at perisynaptic/extrasynaptic sites. Our data demonstrate that the experience-dependent modifications observed in the adult visual cortex are different from those observed during development. These differences may help to explain the unique consequences of sensory deprivation on plasticity in the developing versus mature cortex.

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Single-Cell Responses in Striate Cortex of Kittens Deprived of Vision in One Eye

Cited by 2,340 publications

References 11 publications

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

α4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Modulate Experience-Based Cortical Depression in the Adult Mouse Somatosensory Cortex

Visual Deprivation Modifies Both Presynaptic Glutamate Release and the Composition of Perisynaptic/Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors in Adult Visual Cortex

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