Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies inflammatory tissue T cells in eosinophilic esophagitis

Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis

“…64 The current requirement for repeated endoscopies during reintroduction is a considerable drawback to this approach, particularly in pediatric patients exposed to general anesthesia. 65 Practically, the elimination diet can be onerous because of concerns with dietary contamination, the psychosocial effect of restricted diets, and the costs of allergen-free food products. 66 Incorporation of a dietician and allergist to provide patient education and dietary monitoring likely improves the success of the elimination diet approach.…”

Mast Cells: Fascinating but Still Elusive after 140 Years from Their Discovery

“…We would like to speculate that such different, sometime opposite effects of mast cells are made possible by the plurality of mast cell subpopulations. Recently, comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of individual anatomically distinct mast cells [117] and fate-mapping system [40,41,118] demonstrate that rodent mast cells form a highly heterogeneous population of immune cells [40][41][42], similar to macrophages [43,119] and T cells [120,121]. These fascinating results indicate that much more remains to be discovered in development, migration to tissues, biochemistry, and functions of different subsets of rodent and human mast cells.…”

Human regulatory T cells at the maternal-fetal interface show functional site-specific adaptation with tumor-infiltrating-like features

“…Single cell sequencing techniques and mass cytometry are indeed starting to reveal the heterogeneity of Treg populations in tissues and tumors. 16,27,104,105,132–134 Treg heterogeneity may even contribute to their suppressive potential: IL-35 (encoded by EBI3) and IL-10 expressing heterogeneic Treg subpopulations in the tumor micro-environment have been recently shown to induce CD8 + Tconv exhaustion. 135 Considering the striking similarities between uTreg and TITR and the high expression of IL-35 and IL-10 in uTregs, this could also be a potential mechanism employed by uTregs at the maternal-fetal interface, which is in line with a recent report showing partial CD8 + effector dysfunction in the human decidua.…”