Single-cell sequencing of facial adipose tissue unveils FKBP5 as a therapeutic target for facial infiltrating lipomatosis

Abstract

Background Facial infiltrating lipomatosis is characterized by excessive growth of adipose tissue. Its etiology is associated with somatic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) variants, but the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Methods We collected facial adipose tissue from both FIL patients and non-FIL individuals, isolated the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on these samples. Results We mapped out the cellular landscape within the SVF, with a specific focus on a deeper analysis of fibro-adipogenic precursor cells (FAPs). Our analysis revealed that FAPs from FIL patients (FIL-FAPs) significantly overexpressed FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) compared to FAPs from individuals without FIL. Further experiments indicated that FKBP5 is regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The overactivation of this pathway led to an increase in FKBP5 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FKBP5 promoted adipogenic differentiation of FAPs, a process that could be hindered by FKBP5 knockdown or inhibition. Additionally, in vivo assessments confirmed FKBP5’s role in adipogenesis. Conclusions These insights into the pathogenesis of FIL underscore FKBP5 as a promising target for developing non-surgical interventions to manage the excessive adipose tissue growth in FIL.