Single-chip detector for electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Yalcin, Tolga; Boero, Giovanni

doi:10.1063/1.2969657

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The principle of operation of the single-chip ESR detectors described in this paper is identical to that reported in Refs. [12][13][14][15]. In typical experimental conditions, the oscillation frequency of an LC-oscillator coupled with an ensemble of electron spins is given by […”

Section: Operating Principle Of the Single-chip Esr Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) phenomenon are used to investigate samples in a wide temperature range, ranging from above 1000 K [1][2][3][4] to below 1 K [5][6][7]. The measurements are usually performed using either relatively large cavities or miniaturized conducting [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and superconducting [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25] resonators. Miniaturized resonators are typically used in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with small samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Refs. [12][13][14][15] we presented single-chip integrated inductive ESR detectors, fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, operating between 8 GHz and 28 GHz in the temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K. The ESR phenomenon was detected as a variation of the frequency of an integrated LC-oscillator due to an effective variation of its coil impedance caused by the resonant complex susceptibility of the sample. Here, we report on the design and characterization of single-chip ESR detectors based on the same operating principle but operating at significantly higher frequencies, in particular at 50 GHz (U-band), 92 GHz (W-band), and 146 GHz (D-band).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Matheoud

Gualco

Jeong

et al. 2017

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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We report on the design and characterization of single-chip electron spin resonance (ESR) detectors operating at 50GHz, 92GHz, and 146GHz. The core of the single-chip ESR detectors is an integrated LC-oscillator, formed by a single turn aluminum planar coil, a metal-oxide-metal capacitor, and two metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors used as negative resistance network. On the same chip, a second, nominally identical, LC-oscillator together with a mixer and an output buffer are also integrated. Thanks to the slightly asymmetric capacitance of the mixer inputs, a signal at a few hundreds of MHz is obtained at the output of the mixer. The mixer is used for frequency down-conversion, with the aim to obtain an output signal at a frequency easily manageable off-chip. The coil diameters are 120μm, 70μm, and 45μm for the U-band, W-band, and the D-band oscillators, respectively. The experimental frequency noises at 100kHz offset from the carrier are 90Hz/Hz, 300Hz/Hz, and 700Hz/Hz at 300K, respectively. The ESR spectra are obtained by measuring the frequency variations of the single-chip oscillators as a function of the applied magnetic field. The experimental spin sensitivities, as measured with a sample of α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA)/benzene complex, are 1×10spins/Hz, 4×10spins/Hz, 2×10spins/Hz at 300K, respectively. We also show the possibility to perform experiments up to 360GHz by means of the higher harmonics in the microwave field produced by the integrated single-chip LC-oscillators.

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Section: Operating Principle Of the Single-chip Esr Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Matheoud

Gualco

Jeong

et al. 2017

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…As the minimum number of spins N min depends on the cavity volume V c , angular resonant frequency 0 , and unloaded quality factor Q 0 as N min ϰ V c / ͑Q 0 0 ͒, 1 a resonant structure that confines the microwave magnetic field in a smaller volume may increase the signal-to-noise ratio ͑SNR͒ at a given frequency. [3][4][5] Unlike traditional EPR waveguide cavities operating in the transverse electric ͑TE͒ mode, on which both transverse and longitudinal dimensions scale with frequency, transmission-line resonators operating in the transverse electromagnetic ͑TEM͒ mode have their resonant frequency set only by the longitudinal dimension and the effective relative permittivity of the medium ⑀ r ef . This enables the transverse dimensions to be shorter than a half wavelength and the resonator volume to be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip resonators for electron paramagnetic resonance experiments

Torrezan

Alegre

Medeiros‐Ribeiro

2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this article we evaluate the performance of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) setup using a microstrip resonator (MR). The design and characterization of the resonator are described and parameters of importance to EPR and spin manipulation are examined, including cavity quality factor, filling factor, and microwave magnetic field in the sample region. Simulated microwave electric and magnetic field distributions in the resonator are also presented and compared with qualitative measurements of the field distribution obtained by a perturbation technique. Based on EPR experiments carried out with a standard marker at room temperature and a MR resonating at 8.17 GHz, the minimum detectable number of spins was found to be 5 x 10(10) spins/GHz(1/2) despite the low MR unloaded quality factor Q0=60. The functionality of the EPR setup was further evaluated at low temperature, where the spin resonance of Cr dopants present in a GaAs wafer was detected at 2.3 K. The design and characterization of a more versatile MR targeting an improved EPR sensitivity and featuring an integrated biasing circuit for the study of samples that require an electrical contact are also discussed.

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“…The parameters used in Eq. (4) are: t1 = t2 = 1/61 MHz/π, N = 2 · 10 27 spins/ m 3[17], TESR = 4.2 K, and η = 8.6 · 10 −5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear induction detection of electron spin resonance

Bachar

Suchoi

Shtempluck

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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We present a new approach to the induction detection of electron spin resonance (ESR) signals exploiting the nonlinear properties of a superconducting resonator. Our experiments employ a yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) superconducting stripline microwave (MW) resonator integrated with a microbridge. A strong nonlinear response of the resonator is thermally activated in the microbridge when exceeding a threshold in the injected MW power. The responsivity factor characterizing the ESR-induced change in the system's output signal is about 100 times larger when operating the resonator near the instability threshold, compared to the value obtained in the linear regime of operation. Preliminary experimental results, together with a theoretical model of this phenomenon are presented. Under appropriate conditions nonlinear induction detection of ESR can potentially improve upon the current capabilities of conventional linear induction detection ESR.

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Single-chip detector for electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Microstrip resonators for electron paramagnetic resonance experiments

Nonlinear induction detection of electron spin resonance

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