Single-crystal microplates of two-dimensional organic–inorganic lead halide layered perovskites for optoelectronics

De, Ma; Fu, Yongping; Dang, Lianna; Zhai, Jianyuan; Guzei, Ilia A.; Jin, Song

doi:10.1007/s12274-016-1401-6

Cited by 119 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…(RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 films/flakes with different thickness, crystallinity, and coverage can be prepared from various techniques, including solution-phase methods (spin coating [13,16,19,20] or direct evaporation), [5,9] mechanical exfoliation from bulk crystals, [10][11][12]21] and dual-source vapor deposition. [22] Spin coating is a fast, convenient, and low-cost method that usually gives large-area continuous polycrystalline films.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adom201700373mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8] At present, most of the successful devices are based on 3D perovskites, e.g., CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 , whose long carrier recombination lifetime, long diffusion length, and high carrier mobility make them promising for photovoltaic applications. [3] In comparison, 2D perovskites will not only inherit most of the aforementioned advantages of 3D perovskites but also possess the superiorities of other 2D materials (transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene), e.g., high in-plane carrier mobility [9] and easiness in exfoliation or transfer. [10,11] These advantages make them competitive candidates for high-speed transistors, heterostructures, or planar photodetectors.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[8] These promising properties have attracted intensive investigations into (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 with various organic ligands (R ranging from C 4 H 9  to C 12 H 25  and other aromatic compounds) [13,[15][16][17] and halide elements (usually Br and I). [8,9,18,19] 2D hybrid perovksite (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 materials not only serve as ideal platforms to study fundamental physics such as polariton dynamics but also show promise for optoelectronic and electro-optic applications. [8,9,18,19] 2D hybrid perovksite (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 materials not only serve as ideal platforms to study fundamental physics such as polariton dynamics but also show promise for optoelectronic and electro-optic applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Van Der Waals Hybrid Perovskite of High Optical Quality by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Chen

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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Among different structures, two extreme cases are of special interest: (1) when m goes to infinity, a complete 3D structure is formed due to the absence of larger alkyl amine ligands, e.g., CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ; [4] (2) when m goes to 1, smaller alkyl groups are absent and a complete 2D structure is formed where each single layer of lead halide octahedrons is separated by large alkyl groups, i.e., (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 . [5] A finite m value which exceeds unity will lead to multilayers of lead halide octahedrons in each individual inorganic slab, e.g., (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Pb 4 I 13 . [8] At present, most of the successful devices are based on 3D perovskites, e.g., CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 , whose long carrier recombination lifetime, long diffusion length, and high carrier mobility make them promising for photovoltaic applications. [3] In comparison, 2D perovskites will not only inherit most of the aforementioned advantages of 3D perovskites but also possess the superiorities of other 2D materials (transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene), e.g., high in-plane carrier mobility [9] and easiness in exfoliation or transfer. [10,11] These advantages make them competitive candidates for high-speed transistors, heterostructures, or planar photodetectors. Figure 1b showed the polyhedron model of a typical 2D perovskite (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 where each layer of inorganic octahedrons (drawn grey) is sandwiched between two layers of organic butylamine ligands. As illustrated in Figure 1c, this unique AB stacking of organic-inorganic layers provides a natural quantum well structure where charge carriers are localized within inorganic layers due to the insulating organic ligands. The dielectric confinement and quantum confinement effect both enhance the charge carrier localization such that exciton binding energy amounts to several hundred meV, leading to observable excitonic effect even at room temperature. [10,[12][13][14] In addition, when integrated with 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites serve as protection layers and enhances the moisture stability of the system. [8] These promising properties have attracted intensive investigations into (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 with various organic ligands (R ranging from C 4 H 9  to C 12 H 25  and other aromatic compounds) [13,[15][16][17] and halide elements (usually Br and I). [15,17] The great potential of (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 is being rapidly revealed, as witnessed by its recent success in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors. [8,9,18,19] 2D hybrid perovksite (RNH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 materials not only serve as ideal platforms to study fundamental physics such as polariton dynamics but also show promise for optoelectronic and electro-optic applications. However, for the preparation of high optical quality crystals, mechanical exfoliation has to be applied in the past. In this work, the vapor phase growth of single crystalline (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 flakes with high optical quality is reported. Individual single crystalline domains show lateral size about 5-10 µm w...

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Section: Doi: 101002/adom201700373mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Van Der Waals Hybrid Perovskite of High Optical Quality by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Chen

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…They can be easily grown by both solution methods and vapor transport methods at low temperature, [14][15][16][17] with a tunable bulk direct bandgap. As a consequence of the dielectric and quantum confinement effect, they show strongly bound and stable excitons at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Band‐Edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single Crystals of Layered Hybrid Perovskites

Fang

Yang

Adjokatse

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

118

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2D perovskite materials have recently reattracted intense research interest for applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. As a consequence of the dielectric and quantum confinement effect, they show strongly bound and stable excitons at room temperature. Here, the band-edge exciton fine structure and in particular its exciton and biexciton dynamics in high quality crystals of (PEA) 2 PbI 4 are investigated. A comparison of bulk and surface exciton lifetimes yields a room temperature surface recombination velocity of 2 × 10 3 cm s −1 and an intrinsic lifetime of 185 ns. Biexciton emission is evidenced at room temperature, with a binding energy of ≈45 meV and a lifetime of 80 ps. At low temperature, exciton state splitting is observed, which is caused by the electron-hole exchange interaction. Transient photoluminescence resolves the low-lying dark exciton state, with a bright/dark splitting energy estimated to be 10 meV. This work contributes to the understanding of the complex scenario of the elementary photoexcitations in 2D perovskites. materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene, and graphene. They can be easily grown by both solution methods and vapor transport methods at low temperature, [14][15][16][17] with a tunable bulk direct bandgap. [18] These advantages make them appealing for future optoelectronic and photonic applications.Unlike their 3D counterparts, the dielectric and quantum confinement of carriers in the 2D perovskite layers gives rise to unusually strong excitonic effects. [19,20] It has been experimentally observed that excitons are tightly confined in the inorganic layers with binding energy as high as a few hundred millielectronvolts (significantly higher than that of 3D perovskites). [21] This greatly enhanced exciton binding energy makes them particularly interesting for light-emitting applications. [8,22] Moreover, 2D perovskites can exhibit a variety of multiexciton species, including biexcitons and trions. [20,23,24] The presence of these quasiparticles is exciting due to their unique role, leading to a better understanding of many body effects and their great promise for photonic applications. In addition, recent experiments reveal an important role of electron-phonon couplings on the exciton dynamics in 2D lead-iodide perovskite, suggesting a complex scenario for carrier relaxation and exciton formation. [25,26] It is therefore crucial to understand elementary photoexcitations in these layered materials. However, exciton fine structures and their properties are usually masked by local energy fluctuations resulting from disorder in thin films or broad emission due to the formation of self-trapped excitons. [27] Whereas their steady-state optical properties have

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“…They can be easily synthesized of relatively low production costs, but a number of advantages including adjustable emission wavelengths, very high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, excellent nonlinear optics, and stimulated emission (STE) performance . For future integrated optoelectronics and micro/nanophotonics, high‐quality single crystal perovskite microplates with high‐order ( n ≥ 3) multiphoton excitation (MPE) response are highly desirable because they not only can achieve the optical frequency up‐conversion with ultrawide pump light tuning range, but can also be used as the low loss optical waveguide and optoelectronic integrated building blocks . Although perovskites for the high‐order multiphoton excitation response have been realized, they are only limited to the perovskite quantum dots or nanocrystals without any reports on the single crystal perovskite microplates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Crystal Perovskite Microplate for High‐Order Multiphoton Excitation

Chen

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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Single crystal perovskite microplates are fundamentally and technologically very important to developing high‐order (n ≥ 3) multiphoton excitation. This study reports the preparation of high‐quality single crystal perovskite microplates through the controlled release of lead ions from the confined species within a metal–organic framework. The resulting free‐standing MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3+) and CsPbBr3 single crystals of rectangular microplates exhibit excellent multiphoton excitation behaviors, as demonstrated in their five‐photon‐excited photoluminescence and three‐photon‐pumped stimulated emission with the threshold of 159 mJ cm−2, providing the promise of exploring high‐quality single crystal perovskite microplates for functional optoelectronic and photonics applications.

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Single-crystal microplates of two-dimensional organic–inorganic lead halide layered perovskites for optoelectronics

Cited by 119 publications

References 65 publications

Van Der Waals Hybrid Perovskite of High Optical Quality by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Van Der Waals Hybrid Perovskite of High Optical Quality by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Band‐Edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single Crystals of Layered Hybrid Perovskites

Single Crystal Perovskite Microplate for High‐Order Multiphoton Excitation

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