Single crystal Ni-rich NMC cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries with ultra-high volumetric energy density

Abstract

Nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides (LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (x ≥ 0.6), Ni-rich NMCs) have been under intense investigation as high-energy density and low-cost positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, insufficient cyclic...

Direct measurements of size-independent lithium diffusion and reaction times in individual polycrystalline battery particles

“…However, to achieve similar cycling rates, single-crystal NMC particles should be much smaller than polycrystalline ones. 50 Recent work shows that single-crystal particles lithiate much slower than similarly-sized polycrystalline ones. 8 On the other hand, if we use solid electrolytes, we do not anticipate seeing size-independent reaction and diffusion times because the solid electrolyte cannot penetrate a cracked secondary particle; 28 as a result, both single-crystal and polycrystalline particles must be smaller.…”

Direct measurements of size-independent lithium diffusion and reaction times in individual polycrystalline battery particles

“…Single-crystal NMC particles are highly promising for Li-ion batteries with longer cycle life. However, to achieve similar cycling rates, single-crystal NMC particles must be much smaller (1-2 μm) than polycrystalline ones (~10 μm) 48 . Recent work shows that singlecrystal particles lithiate much slower than similarly-sized polycrystalline ones 8 .…”

Scope and significance of transition metal oxide nanomaterials for next-generation Li-ion batteries

“…However, understanding the recent findings and reports from single crystal and nanomaterial-based cathode materials, we can see the minimal difference that sets a thin boundary between them. The hypothesis based on these findings gives an abstract idea that (i) the single crystalline materials can be grown from nanomaterials easily in size ranging between 500 and 800 nm to a final size up to 3 μm, 100,101 which is the available size expected for a single crystalline material, (ii) the aforementioned features such as exposed facets, which exist in the nanoscale regime in the form of platelets, cubes, and blocks, can create agglomerated particles grain boundaries in the final particle, 102 which is contradictory to the definition of S.C. material. This hypothesis distinctly states that the nanomaterial-based precursor can create SC/PC materials that can exist in the microscale or nanoscale regime, but unlike the SC/PC material created from polycrystalline microparticles, the final product from nanomaterials retains the physical properties such as surface modifications, facet exposure, and nanostructures on the surface.…”

“…6 The reason is that the spherical shape group of particles tends to occupy more volume, thus increasing the tap density and the system's cathode level energy density. 100 Optimizing any of the mentioned synthesis methods in this work or discovering a new creative synthesis route that can produce spherical nanomaterials can be a potential development toward the commercial pathway for nanomaterials. Many recent works have designed microparticles utilizing this concept of synthesizing nanoparticles with high Li diffusion nature aligned to form a dense structure resistant to cracking, a huge problem for battery materials operated at a higher voltage.…”

“…TMO-based cathodes are an important asset for designing Li-ion batteries with high volumetric energy density. 100 This establishment of greater importance has pushed the research focus forward, giving rise to nanoscale TMO for Li-ion batteries. In earlier research in 2010, several published articles reported nanomaterial or nanoscale TMO showing similar performance to the commercial material.…”