Single‐Crystal Semiconductor Wires Integrated into Microstructured Optical Fibers

Jackson, Bryan R.; Sazio, Pier J. A.; Badding, John V.

doi:10.1002/adma.200701569

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Examples include: two-step drawing of submicrometer-diameter silica wires [43], holey fibers as template [44], [45], and post-processing by filling the holes of air-silica microstructured optical fiber [46]. A two-step drawing process was introduced to further reducing the diameter of silica wire from micrometers down to tens of nanometers [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As seen in figure 5-la, one end of a micrometer-scale silica wire was then placed horizontally on the sapphire tip, heated to high temperature (about 2, 000 K), and winded the wire around the tip by rotating the sapphire tip, resulting in the submicrometer or nanometer-diameter silica wires. A tapered sapphire fiber ( figure 5-1b Another method is using hollow core of fiber as a template to growth nanowires [44], [45], as seen in figure 5-1d. Generally, deposition within micro to nanoscale diameter chamber is difficult due to the larger aspect ratio, and high pressure is necessary to overcome the mass-transport constraints inside the micron sized holes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, post-drawing processing, to insert semiconductors and metals into the holes of air-silica microstructured optical fiber, is complicated by a pumping-and-filling technique [46]. After drawing the microstruc- [45]. f, SEM of a fiber cross-section microstructure with a single germanium (Ge) wire of diameter around 2 pm (white color).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Fiber Semiconductor Filament Arrays

et al. 2008

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One-dimensional nanostructures with high aspect-ratios and nanometer cross-sectional dimensions have been the focus of recent studies in the persistent drive to miniaturize devices. Conventional bottom-up methods such as vapor-liquid-solid growth have been widely applied for the fabrication of uniform and high quality nanowires. Two challenges toward nanoelectronics and other applications remain: on the singlenanowire level, precisely manipulating an individual nanowire for the sophisticated functionalities, and on the multiple-nanowire level, integrating nanowires into designed architecture at large scale. Thus, an alternative approach with the capacity to achieve ordered and extended nanowires is highly desirable.In this thesis, we observe an intriguing phenomenon that a cylindrical shell upon reaching a characteristic thickness breaks up into filament arrays during optical-fiber thermal drawing. This structural evolution occurs exclusively in the cross-sectional plane, while the uniformity along the axial direction remains intact. We demonstrate crystalline semiconductor nanowires by post-drawing annealing procedure and characterize their electrical and optoelectric properties for the devices such as optical switch. This top-down thermal drawing approach provides new opportunities for nanostructure fabrication with high throughput and at low cost, and offers promising applications in renewable energy and data storage.In order to understand the stability (or instability) of thin shells and filaments, we explore a physical mechanism during the complicated thermal drawing. A perspective of capillary instability from fluid mechanics is focused. Axial stability of continuous filaments is consistent with capillary instability. Axial stability of a thicker cylindrical shell arises from large radius and high viscosity. These results provide theoretical guidance in the understanding of attainable feature sizes and in materials selection to expand the potential functionalities of devices in microstructured fibers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Fiber Semiconductor Filament Arrays

et al. 2008

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“…[ 60 ] The various gaseous ingredients needed for the process are inserted via high external pressure (of the order of several hundreds of bars), and the actual chemical reactions are either thermally stimulated or externally triggered via photoexcitation (e.g., by side focusing laser light onto the capillary). [ 61 ] The deposition process starts at the side walls of the bore, with the fi nal fi lm thickness being determined by the deposition time up to the point when the bore is completely fi lled. This technique was shown to be capable of producing semiconductor wires with diameters of the order of several micrometers down to hundreds of nanometers of various materials of extremely good optical and electrical quality.…”

Section: Modifi Ed Chemical Vapor Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Schmidt

Argyros

Sorin

2015

Advanced Optical Materials

165

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The field of hybrid optical fibers is one of the most active research areas in current fiber optics and has the vision of integrating sophisticated materials inside fibers, which are not traditionally used in fiber optics. Novel in‐fiber devices with unique properties have been developed, opening up new directions for fiber optics in fields of critical interest in modern research, such as biophotonics, environmental science, optoelectronics, metamaterials, remote sensing, medicine, or quantum optics. Here the recent progress in the field of hybrid optical fibers is reviewed from an application perspective, focusing on fiber‐integrated devices enabled by including novel materials inside polymer and glass fibers. The topics discussed range from nanowire‐based plasmonics and hyperlenses, to integrated semiconductor devices such as optoelectronic detectors, and intense light generation unlocked by highly nonlinear hybrid waveguides.

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“…The drawing process, however, has until now been limited to materials that flow at the draw temperature. Approaches that attempt to circumvent this limitation include depositing materials inside (4)(5)(6)(7) or onto the surface (8)(9)(10)(11) of previously drawn fiber substrates. These methods do not take full advantage of the scaling associated with fiber drawing and are limited in their geometric complexity and the length over which uniform structures can be produced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber draw synthesis

Orf

Shapira²,

Sorin

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The synthesis of a high-melting temperature semiconductor in a low-temperature fiber drawing process is demonstrated, substantially expanding the set of materials that can be incorporated into fibers. Reagents in the solid state are arranged in proximate domains within a fiber preform. The preform is fluidized at elevated temperatures and drawn into fiber, reducing the lateral dimensions and bringing the domains into intimate contact to enable chemical reaction. A polymer preform containing a thin layer of selenium contacted by tin-zinc wires is drawn to yield electrically contacted crystalline ZnSe domains of sub-100-nm scales. The in situ synthesized compound semiconductor becomes the basis for an electronic heterostructure diode of arbitrary length in the fiber. The ability to synthesize materials within fibers while precisely controlling their geometry and electrical connectivity at submicron scales presents new opportunities for increasing the complexity and functionality of fiber structures.flexible electronics | optical fiber processing | semiconductor device T hermal fiber drawing is a process in which a macrostructured preform is heated and drawn into extended lengths of microstructured fiber. New methods of increasing both the structural complexity of fibers and number of materials compatible with the drawing process are substantially expanding the functionality of photonic crystal and semiconductor device fibers (1-3). The drawing process, however, has until now been limited to materials that flow at the draw temperature. Approaches that attempt to circumvent this limitation include depositing materials inside (4-7) or onto the surface (8-11) of previously drawn fiber substrates. These methods do not take full advantage of the scaling associated with fiber drawing and are limited in their geometric complexity and the length over which uniform structures can be produced. Here this seemingly fundamental limitation is lifted by utilizing the fiber drawing process to synthesize in situ a chemical compound that has a melting temperature far exceeding the draw temperature. In this process, precursors are arranged in adjacent domains in a macroscopic preform. During thermal drawing, the fluid reactants come into contact and precipitate a new compound. To demonstrate the potential of this fiber draw synthesis method, a polymer fiber preform containing a thin seleniumsulfur layer next to eutectic tin-zinc wires is constructed and thermally codrawn into a fiber consisting of electrically contacted crystalline ZnSe domains of sub-100-nm scales at the interface between the metallic domains and selenium layer. The formation of the interface compound is the basis for an electronic heterostructure and a thermally drawn fiber device exhibiting rectifying behavior. The ability to synthesize materials during the fiber draw process while maintaining precise and arbitrary geometries should lead to substantial advances in the form and function of fibers. Results and DiscussionA fiber preform consisting of metallic Sn 74 P...

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Single‐Crystal Semiconductor Wires Integrated into Microstructured Optical Fibers

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

In-Fiber Semiconductor Filament Arrays

In-Fiber Semiconductor Filament Arrays

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Fiber draw synthesis

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