Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recentlya ttracted significant attention for both their fundamental science and technological applicationsas an ew class of fluorescentz ero-dimensional nanomaterials with as ize below 10 nm. However,t he reportedm ethods of synthesisw ere generally less suitable for the large-scale production of the CQDs with high-fluorescent quantumy ield (QY). In the paper,anovelo ne-pot microwave-assisted drying synthesis approach was presented to prepare CQDs with high QY of 61.3 %f or the first time. The production yield of CQDs was 35 AE 3% in weight. The as-prepared CQDs were characterized by various techniques such as TEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, FTIR spectroscopy,U V/Vis absorption spectroscopy,a nd fluorescence spectroscopy. Ther esults showedt hat the high QY of CQDs was largely attributed to the dual doping of nitrogen and sulphur into CQDs. Such CQDs were then used as live-cell imaging reagents due to their high QY,g ood water dispersibility,f ine biocompatibility,h igh photostability,a nd low cytotoxicity.