Single‐Crystalline V₂O₅ Ultralong Nanoribbon Waveguides

Abstract

High-density photonic and optoelectronic integration is a natural alternative to electronic infrastructure and is a rapidly growing field.[1] Compared to traditional electrical transmission, optical transmission has a very large bandwidth (information capacity) and high speed. Central to progress in this area has been the development of materials and structures that can provide flexibility in connecting various nanophotonic elements. Conventionally, nanoscaled optical fibers are fabricated using a physical drawing process, and have been shown to be promising materials for low-loss optical guiding [2] and fast detection [3] . Admirable results presented by Yang and coworkers [4] demonstrate that single-crystalline semiconducting nanoribbons can be successfully used for passive and active photonic integrations. In addition, Lieber's group [5] reported that active nanowires have unique advantages in combination with electronics. Therefore, the fabrication of 1D single-crystal nanomaterials is of great scientific interest and technological significance, which will bring about the impetus of photonic integration and promote the development of optical information technology.Divanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), the most stable form in the vanadium oxide family, has been at the forefront of applied research due to its unique physical and chemical properties. For example, Gu and coworkers [6] showed that sheets made of entangled vanadium oxide nanofibres behave like artificial muscles (actuators) that contract reversibly under an electrical signal. In addition to its electromechanical properties, V 2 O 5 also exhibits excellent photochromic or electrochromic behavior [7] upon light irradiation or electrochemical reactions. A number of enabling mechanical and optical properties show that the low-dimensional nanostructures of V 2 O 5 are candidate materials for applications in photonics. In this regard, the optical properties of individual V 2 O 5 nanoribbons are desirable and significant for our study.There are several approaches available for synthesizing nanostructures of vanadium oxides. [8] It is important to develop a new method with desirable practical attributes, such as simplicity, catalyst-free, and not requiring extreme pressure conditions. [9] In this contribution, we have synthesized divanadium pentoxide nanoribbons using a simple thermal vapor deposition technique under ambient conditions. Representative dark-field optical images (Fig. 1a) revealed that nanoribbons with a typical length of several hundred micrometers, and even up to millimeters, were produced in high yield. The typical topography of the as-grown products was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F), as shown in Figure 2a. The ribbons have a rectangular cross-section with a typical width and height of %300 nm and %100 nm, respectively, giving a length-to-width or length-to-height aspect ratio of well over 1000. These nanostructures have excellent cross-section uniformity and smooth surfaces without pron...

Local structure study of vanadium pentoxide 1D-nanostructures

“…The skeleton bent mode, corresponding to the peak at 144 cm -1 , provides an evidence for the layered structure of V 2 O 5 orthorhombic phase (Ramana et al 2005;Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Zhou and He 2008). Furthermore, the narrow peak centered at 993 cm -1 , corresponding to the stretching of vanadium connected to oxygen atoms through double bonds (V=O), is also an additional clue to the layer-type structure of V 2 O 5 (Zhou and He 2008;Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Ramana et al 2005). The Raman spectra of SAM01 and SAM02, Fig.…”

“…The band at 303 cm -1 is assigned to A g species. The peaks located around 404, 525, and 699 cm -1 were, respectively, indexed to the bending vibration of V-O 4 -V bond (A g mode), the stretching vibration of V-O 4 bond (A g mode) and the stretching vibration Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Ramana et al 2005). The skeleton bent mode, corresponding to the peak at 144 cm -1 , provides an evidence for the layered structure of V 2 O 5 orthorhombic phase (Ramana et al 2005;Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Zhou and He 2008).…”

“…The peaks located around 404, 525, and 699 cm -1 were, respectively, indexed to the bending vibration of V-O 4 -V bond (A g mode), the stretching vibration of V-O 4 bond (A g mode) and the stretching vibration Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Ramana et al 2005). The skeleton bent mode, corresponding to the peak at 144 cm -1 , provides an evidence for the layered structure of V 2 O 5 orthorhombic phase (Ramana et al 2005;Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Zhou and He 2008). Furthermore, the narrow peak centered at 993 cm -1 , corresponding to the stretching of vanadium connected to oxygen atoms through double bonds (V=O), is also an additional clue to the layer-type structure of V 2 O 5 (Zhou and He 2008;Abello et al 1985;Yan et al 2009;Ramana et al 2005).…”

“…Several strategies were developed to obtain simple and effective methodologies for their synthesis (Burda et al 2005;Petkov et al 2002;Livage 1991Livage , 1998Yan et al 2009;Velazquez and Banerjee 2009;Pinna et al 2003;Liu et al 2005;Niederberger et al 2000;Avansi et al 2009;Gao et al 2008;Glushenkov et al 2008;Wang and Cao 2006). From that, hydrothermal methods are noteworthy since its possibility to tailor different morphologies by changing few experimental parameters (Avansi et al 2009;Liu et al 2005;.…”

“…Among these materials, 1D vanadium pentoxide is an example of a compound which possesses great potential for different applications, such as in photocatalysis , sensors (Leroy et al 2007;Liu et al 2005Liu et al , 2006Serier et al 2006), electrochemical ) and optical devices (Yan et al 2009). …”