Although approved as an alcohol-abuse drug, disulfiram (DSF) exhibited potential anticancer activity when chelated with copper (Cu). However, the low level of intrinsic Cu, toxicity originated from exogenous Cu supplementation, and poor stability of DSF
in vivo
severely limited its application in cancer treatment. Herein, we proposed an
in situ
DSF antitumor efficacy triggered system, taking advantages of Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF). In detail, DSF was encapsulated into Cu-MOF nanoparticles (NPs) during its formation, and the obtained NPs were coated with hyaluronic acid to enhance the tumor targetability and biocompatibility. Notably, DSF loaded Cu-MOF NPs maintained stability and integrity without Cu
2+
leakage in blood circulation, thus showing excellent biosafety. Once accumulating at tumor site, NPs were internalized into tumor cells
via
receptor-mediated endocytosis and released DSF and Cu
2+
simultaneously in the hyaluronidase-enriched and acidic intracellular tumor microenvironment. This profile lead to
in situ
chelation reaction between DSF and Cu
2+
, generating toxic DSF/Cu complex against tumor cells. Both
in vitro
and
in vivo
results demonstrated the programmed degradation and recombination property of Cu-based MOF NPs, which facilitated the tumor-specific chemotherapeutic effects of DSF. This system provided a promising strategy for the application of DSF in tumor therapy.