Single-exposure approach for expanding the sampled area of a dynamic process by digital holography with combined multiplexing

Abstract

In this paper, an approach for expanding the sampled area of a dynamic process by digital holography is reported, where angular, polarization and wavelength multiplexing are applied to record different regions of the sample on a series of sub-holograms overlapped in a single frame of the charge-coupled device. This approach based on a single exposure has special potential for the digital holographic recording of dynamic processes.

Is multiplexed off-axis holography for quantitative phase imaging more spatial bandwidth-efficient than on-axis holography? [Invited]

“…In optical multiplexing [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], multiple sample and reference beam pairs with different 𝜃 𝑥 and 𝜃 𝑦 combinations are projected onto the digital camera simultaneously, each of which creating an off-axis hologram with a different interference fringe direction that positions one wavefront in the SFD without overlapping other terms. The simultaneous projection of all beams on the camera may create unwanted interference between nonmatching pairs.…”

“…Various basic architectures have been demonstrated for optical multiplexing. These include multiplexing two holograms by positioning two complex wavefronts in two orthogonal directions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], which can be generalized to multiplexing three [22][23][24][25], four [26][27][28], five [29], or even six holograms [30], all without SFD overlap.…”

Optimal spatial bandwidth capacity in multiplexed off-axis holography for rapid quantitative phase reconstruction and visualization: erratum

“…This encoding leaves free space in the SFD, into which additional information can be compressed. The compression can be done by optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], by projecting sample and reference beam pairs on the digital camera, each of which creating an off-axis hologram with a different interference fringe direction that positions one wave front in the spatial frequency domain without overlapping other terms. Alternatively, the multiplexing can be performed digitally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], by positioning the wave front matrix in the SFD matrix without overlap to generate the multiplexed hologram matrix.…”

“…Alternatively, the multiplexing can be performed digitally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], by positioning the wave front matrix in the SFD matrix without overlap to generate the multiplexed hologram matrix. Multiplexing is useful for various applications, with focus on acquisition of fast dynamics using optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], as well as for speeding up hologram reconstruction [17][18][19][20][21] and for compression and storage of holographic data [22,23] using digital multiplexing. Digital multiplexing of hundreds of computer generated holograms can also be performed, e.g., for beam shaping [24]; however, in this case, the input holograms are not acquired optically first, but rather generated digitally.…”

“…Various architectures have been suggested for multiplexing while maintaining both a realvalued multiplexed hologram and the original spatial-frequency content. These include multiplexing two holograms by positioning two complex wave fronts in two orthogonal directions [6][7][8][9]11,14], which can be generalized to multiplexing three [10,15], four [13], or even five holograms [12]. We recently presented the six-pack holography (6PH) multiplexing architecture, which positions six complex wave fronts in the SFD without overlap [16]; 6PH represents the optimal bandwidth consumption when the intensity of the sample needs to be acquired together with its wave front in optical hologram multiplexing.…”