Fatherhood is a topic of national conversation that is receiving considerable media attention. The number of single and noncustodial fathers is on the rise, and social workers will have increased contact with these men in the future. It is important for social work professionals to learn more about fatherhood, given the growing relevance of this topic. The social work literature is an important source of information where social workers can gather information about fatherhood. In this article, the authors examine how the social work literature describes fathers, especially noncustodial fathers. They note gaps in information about fatherhood in this literature and discuss policy and practice issues related to fathers. They also note that fatherhood has received comparatively little attention in the social work literature and that social workers need more information about fatherhood to develop policy and to implement programs to assist fathers. Information for this article comes from 118 articles about fathers that appeared in 25 social work journals.fatherhood refers to the biological father's commitment to the well-being of his children and to other members of the nuclear family (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002). Governmental efforts to promote traditional marriage and the nuclear family are the subject of extensive policy debate reflecting official concerns about the breakdown in the structure of the traditional biological nuclear family and about the growth in one-parent families (Marsiglio et al., 1998;Toner, 2002).The number of noncustodial fathers (including adolescents) has increased over the past 2 decades. This is due in part to a growth in the divorce rate and in the number of outof-wedlock births (Coney & Mackey, 1998; U.S. Department of Commerce, 2001). The proportion of births occurring among unmarried women has grown in the 1990s. The number of single fathers raising children alone grew from 393,000 in 1970 to 2 million in 2000 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2001). Married fathers' participation in childcare activities has steadily increased as more women have entered the workforce (Davis & Perkins, 1996).The growing interest in fatherhood also reflects an expanding body of research that demonstrates the importance of fathers in children's development. Studies show that children can benefit from an involved and nurturing relationship with their fathers (Pruett, 1987;Snarey, 1993;Yogman, Kindlon, & Earls, 1995). Fathers play an important role in the early psychosocial development of their children, in their socialization process, and in routine caregiving activities (