Single fundamental mode photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser with 9 GHz bandwidth

Kim, T. S.; Danner, Aaron J.; Grasso, D.M.; Young, E.; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1049/el:20045738

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The dependence of the modulation bandwidth on r a for the structure 2 is nearly same as for the structure 1 with no PC. This result in the agreement with experimental results for oxide-confined VCSELs with shallow holes (Kim et al 2004;Ivanov et al 2008) where holes causes only minor variations of the modulation bandwidth in range of 0.5 GHz. The incorporation of the PC in structures 3 and 4 results in the narrower modulation bandwidth at r a > 6 µm (r a /a = 1.5).…”

Section: Small-signal Modulation Characteristics Of Vcselssupporting

confidence: 91%

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Ivanov

Rorison

2010

Opt Quant Electron

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A dynamical model of oxide-confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) with two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) incorporated within them so called PC-VCSELs is presented and used to optimise designs for high-power single-mode operation. Three PC-VCSEL designs are considered: (I) with holes in the top DBRs, (II) with PC holes situated between their DBRs and (III) with PC holes etched through the entire VCSEL. A simulated design for a PC-VCSEL of type (I) with holes of d = 2 µm diameter, a = 4 µm lattice constant (d/a = 0.5) and 2.2 µm depth was found to improve the single mode behaviour but not enough to establish single mode behaviour for large apertures. The modulation behaviour was not degraded by the PC. Simulations of type (II) and (III) PC-VCSELs, with the same parameters, have shown multimode operation and degraded modulation properties. Simulations of PC-VCSELs of type (III) with holes of d = 0.2 µm diameter and a = 0.4 µm lattice constant (d/a = 0.5) have shown improved modulation properties and enhanced single mode power for small apertures. In simulation, PC-VCSELs incorporating multiple PC-defects have shown order of magnitude increases in the single mode output power. However, the modulation properties of these VCSELs show degradation due to gain saturation and hopping of the optical modes localized within the PC defects.

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Section: Small-signal Modulation Characteristics Of Vcselssupporting

confidence: 91%

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Ivanov

Rorison

2010

Opt Quant Electron

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“…The bifurcation diagram and spatial form of this solution is shown in Fig 6. The plus and minus solutions (15) are created in a pitchfork bifurcation. The analytical solution (15) is in very good agreement with the stationary solution of the full model computed numerically.…”

Section: A Lower-half Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pattern formation in an optically-injected, photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, electrically biased below threshold has been observed experimentally in [14]. Finally, in [15], a defect in a photonic crystal has been used to achieve stable emission in broad area lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled-mode theory for photonic band-gap inhibition of spatial instabilities

Gomila

Oppo

2005

Phys. Rev. E

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We study the inhibition of pattern formation in nonlinear optical systems using intracavity photonic crystals. We consider mean-field models for singly and doubly degenerate optical parametric oscillators. Analytical expressions for the new ͑higher͒ modulational thresholds and the size of the "band gap" as a function of the system and photonic crystal parameters are obtained via a coupled-mode theory. Then, by means of a nonlinear analysis, we derive amplitude equations for the unstable modes and find the stationary solutions above threshold. The form of the unstable mode is different in the lower and upper parts of the band gap. In each part there is bistability between two spatially shifted patterns. In large systems stable wall defects between the two solutions are formed and we provide analytical expressions for their shape. The analytical results are favorably compared with results obtained from the full system equations. Inhibition of pattern formation can be used to spatially control signal generation in the transverse plane.

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“…These devices have strong potential for leaving laboratories into the market due to their unique properties, which make them a perfect choice for many applications. These properties include a stable single-mode operation [1,2,3], high-speed modulation [4,5,6] and polarization control [7,8]. Typical PC-VCSELs consist of a classical VCSEL cavity surrounded by Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) of high reflectivity, with lateral photonic crystal structure which provides lateral light confinement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Methods for modeling Photonic-Crystal VCSELs

Dems¹,

Chung²,

Nyakas³

et al. 2010

Opt. Express

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We show comparison of four different numerical methods for simulating Photonic-Crystal (PC) VCSELs. We present the theoretical basis behind each method and analyze the differences by studying a benchmark VCSEL structure, where the PC structure penetrates all VCSEL layers, the entire top-mirror DBR, a fraction of the top-mirror DBR or just the VCSEL cavity. The different models are evaluated by comparing the predicted resonance wavelengths and threshold gains for different hole diameters and pitches of the PC. The agreement between the models is relatively good, except for one model, which corresponds to the effective index method. The simulation results elucidate the strength and weaknesses of the analyzed methods; and outline the limits of applicability of the different models.

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Single fundamental mode photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser with 9 GHz bandwidth

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Coupled-mode theory for photonic band-gap inhibition of spatial instabilities

Numerical Methods for modeling Photonic-Crystal VCSELs

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