Single Fusion Events at Polarized Liquid–Liquid Interfaces

Abstract

An ew electrochemical framework for tracking individual soft particles in solution and monitoring their fusion with polarized liquid-liquid interfaces is reported. The physicochemical principle lies in the interfacial transfer of an ionic probe confined in the particles dispersed in solution and that is released upon their collision and fusion with the fluid interface. As ap roof-of-concept, spike-like transients of as tochastic nature are reported in the current-time response of 1,2dichloroethane(DCE) j water(W) submilli-interfaces after injection of DCE-in-W emulsions.T he sign and potential dependence of the spikes reflect the charge and lipophilicity of the ionic load of the droplets.Acomparison with dynamic light scattering measurements indicates that each spike is associated with the collision of as ingle sub-picoliter droplet. This opens an ew framework for the study of single fusion events at the micro-and nanoscale and of ion transport across biomimetic soft interfaces.

Individual Detection and Characterization of Non‐Electrocatalytic, Redox‐Inactive Particles in Solution by using Electrochemistry

“…The suitability of ion transfer processes across externally polarized ITIES (interfaces between two immiscible liquid electrolytes) for the electrochemical detection of individual particles has been recently assessed, noting the advantages that such soft interfaces can offer (reproducibility, absence of defects, mechanical flexibility, easy‐to‐modify) as well as to their interest as biomimetic platforms.…”

“…With the first methodology of this type recently‐introduced, soft particles containing some ionic load (for example, as it is commonly the case of cells and organelles) can be detected and examined. As shown in Scheme A, the underlying process for detection is the selective and quantitative interfacial transfer of one of the ions released upon the collision and fusion of the particle with the interface.…”

The Thermodynamics of Insertion Electrochemical Electrodes—A Team Play of Electrons and Ions across Two Separate Interfaces

“…We hope that colleagues will apply this approach to the many battery electrodes that have so far been developed. It can be expected that this will lead to am uch more solid basis for developing electrodes with improved thermodynamic properties.Furthermore,single fusion events at liquid j liquid interfaces [24] and the impact of microparticles on electrodes [25] are also attractive future targets for the outlined thermodynamic studies. 5.8 AE 0.6 6.3 AE 0.5 5.8 AE 0.5 6.7 AE 0.7 11.5 AE 0.6 11.5 AE 0.5 12.0 AE 0.5 11.5 AE 0.7…”

Die Thermodynamik von insertionselektrochemischen Elektroden – ein Mannschaftsspiel über zwei separate Grenzflächen

“…Auch die Untersuchung von Fusionsereignissen an Flüssig j flüssig-Grenzflächen [24] und von Stçßen zwischen Mikropartikeln und Elektroden [25] Wirh offen, dass eine Anwendung der neuen Untersuchungsweisen auf Batteriematerialien nicht lange auf sich warten lässt, und es ist zu erwarten, dass dadurch wesentlich verbesserte Elektroden entwickelt werden.…”

“…Wirh offen, dass eine Anwendung der neuen Untersuchungsweisen auf Batteriematerialien nicht lange auf sich warten lässt, und es ist zu erwarten, dass dadurch wesentlich verbesserte Elektroden entwickelt werden. Auch die Untersuchung von Fusionsereignissen an Flüssig j flüssig-Grenzflächen [24] und von Stçßen zwischen Mikropartikeln und Elektroden [25]…”