Single household greywater treatment with a moving bed biofilm membrane reactor (MBBMR)

Greywater Reuse System Design and Economic Analysis for Residential Buildings in Taiwan

“…But, due to problems such as bulkiness, complicated installation and high maintenance cost, follow up maintenance is relatively difficult [12][13][14]. The second type of greywater reuse design is targeted at single ownership household units [15,16]. Residential housing in Taiwan consists of mainly collective residential buildings and most of the households are independent from each other (buildings are not owned or used by a single household), therefore the aforementioned applications are not suitable in Taiwan.…”

Optimizing the in-line ozone injection and delivery strategy in a multistage pilot-scale greywater treatment system: System validation and cost-benefit analysis

“…Some popular examples of the primary greywater treatment systems are chemical processes, biological processes and physical and physicochemical processes [3][4][5][6]. In general, these systems are operated to reduce solids, organic and inorganic contaminants in greywater source.…”

Application of a simple ceramic filter to membrane bioreactor

“…The main advantage of recycling greywater is that it is a large source with a low organic content. To illustrate, greywater represents up to 70-80% of total domestic wastewater but contains only 30% of the organic fraction, lower pathogen content, and 9-20% of the nutrients compared to mixed sewage or combined municipal wastewater that also include blackwater (Eriksson et al, 2002;Friedler and Hadari, 2006;Hernandez et al, 2007;Jabornig and Favero, 2013;Kujawa and Zeeman, 2006;Paulo et al, 2013;Santasmasas et al, 2013). Moreover, in individual households, it has been established that greywater could support the amount of water needed for toilet flushing and outdoor non-potable uses such as car washing, landscaping, plant watering, agricultural irrigation of non-food crops, ornamental fountains, fire protection, construction and air conditioning (Li et al, 2009;Lu and Leung, 2003).…”

“…Several treatment options including physical-chemical and biological treatments (Friedler et al, 2005), constructed wetland (Li et al, 2004), membrane bioreactor (Merz et al, 2007;Murat et al, 2013), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (Elmitwalli and Otterpohl, 2007), biofilm reactor (Imura et al, 1995;Jiawkok and Nakajima, 2012), moving bed biofilm membrane reactor (Jabornig and Favero, 2013), recycled vertical flow bioreactor (Gross et al, 2007), rock filter (Katukiza et al, 2014), compact hybrid filter (Karabelnik et al, 2012), slanted soil system (Ushijima et al, 2013) are reported for treating greywater. Biological greywater treatment includes the biological degradation and removal of BOD, COD and nutrients.…”