Single is better than double: theoretical and experimental comparison between two thermal poling configurations of optical fibers

Lucia, Francesco De; Bannerman, Rex H. S.; Englebert, Nicolas; Núñez-Velázquez, M.; Léo, François; Gates, James C.; Gorza, Simon-Pierre; Sahu, J.K.; Sazio, Pier J. A.

doi:10.1364/oe.27.027761

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results obtained proved that the S-A scheme for poling silica fibers is preferable to the D-A one in terms of absolute value of ( 2 ) eff χ . Indeed, in their 2019 paper [45], De Lucia et al also demonstrated that the theoretical result shown in Figure 7 is verified experimentally. Two identical fibers poled in the same experimental conditions and for long time (2 h) but in the two different configurations (D-A and S-A) have been characterized in terms of the ( 2 ) eff χ obtained in a second harmonic generation process.…”

Section: Single Anode Polingmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The most recent results obtained by De Lucia et al [45] demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically that the single-anode (S-A) configuration, characterized by the fact that only one electrode is embedded inside one of the two cladding channels of the optical fiber and connected to a certain electrical potential, is superior (in terms of quadratic non-linearity created in the fiber core) to the double-anode (D-A) configuration, introduced for the first time by Margulis et al [37]. Starting from the theoretical result for a fiber of symmetric geometry (the two cladding channels are at the same distance from the fiber core) and poled in D-A configuration the value of ( 2 ) eff χ at the center of the fiber is almost zero for long time poling ( 2h ≈ ).…”

Section: Single Anode Polingmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Thermal Poling of Optical Fibers: A Numerical History

Lucia

Sazio

2020

Micromachines

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This review gives a perspective of the thermal poling technique throughout its chronological evolution, starting in the early 1990s when the first observation of the permanent creation of a second order non-linearity inside a bulk piece of glass was reported. We then discuss a number of significant developments in this field, focusing particular attention on working principles, numerical analysis and theoretical advances in thermal poling of optical fibers, and conclude with the most recent studies and publications by the authors. Our latest works show how in principle, optical fibers of any geometry (conventional step-index, solid core microstructured, etc) and of any length can be poled, thus creating an advanced technological platform for the realization of all-fiber quadratic non-linear photonics.

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Section: Single Anode Polingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Single Anode Polingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Thermal Poling of Optical Fibers: A Numerical History

Lucia

Sazio

2020

Micromachines

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“…Two 27 µm diameter channels run adjacent to the fibre core at a distance of respectively 13.6 µm and 7.2 µm from the core's edges. The fibre is first thermally poled in single anode configuration at 265 • C with an electric potential of +8 kV applied to the embedded electrode, for 2 hours [39]. The second order nonlinearity created via thermal poling is then erased periodically by means of a CW argon ion laser frequency doubled to 244 nm, equipped with an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) used to modulate the laser output.…”

Section: Ppf Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrically driven Kerr cavity solitons

et al. 2021

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Temporal cavity solitons are optical pulses that propagate indefinitely in nonlinear resonators [1][2][3]. They are currently attracting a lot of attention, both for their many potential applications and for their connection to other fields of science. Cavity solitons are phase locked to a driving laser. This is what distinguishes them from laser dissipative solitons [4] and the main reason why they are excellent candidates for precision applications such as optical atomic clocks [5]. To date, the focus has been on driving Kerr solitons close to their carrier frequency, in which case a single stable localised solution exists for fixed parameters [1]. Here we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, Kerr cavity solitons excitation around twice their carrier frequency. In that configuration, called parametric driving, two solitons of opposite phase may coexist [6]. We use a fibre resonator that incorporates a quadratically nonlinear section and excite stable solitons by scanning the driving frequency. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with a seminal amplitude equation [7], highlighting connections to hydrodynamic [8, 9] and mechanical systems [10], amongst others [11]. Furthermore, we experimentally confirm that two different phase-locked solitons may be simultaneously excited and harness this multiplicity to generate a string of random bits, thereby extending the pool of applications of Kerr resonators to random number generators [12] and Ising machines [13].

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“…The second order nonlinearity created via thermal poling has been periodically erased to obtain quasi-phase matching at a certain wavelength in the Telecom region (~1550 nm). The method adopted is described in the section 4.1 of the work of De Lucia et al 12 and consists in the exposure of the fiber, mounted on a motorized translation stage, to the UV light generated by an Argon ion laser doubled and emitting at 244 nm. The schematics of a typical setup for the realization of the periodic erasure is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Periodic Erasure Of the Nonlinearity For Quasi-phase Matching (Qpm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009 Margulis et al 11 introduced a new poling configuration, defined "double-anode", characterized by the fact that the two electrodes embedded inside the cladding channels were connected to the same anodic potential, instead of being connected respectively to the anode and the cathode, as in the conventional configuration, for example adopted by Wong et al 7 . In 2019 De Lucia et al 12 demonstrated that, for long time poling (~2 hours) the double-anode configuration is greatly overcome in terms of absolute value of the effective nonlinear susceptibility created in the core region by the so-called "single-anode" configuration, characterized by the fact that only one of the two electrodes is connected to the anodic potential, while the other electrode is absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the nonlinear functionality of step-index silica fibers through the combination of thermal poling and 2D materials

Lucia

Lewis

Bannerman

et al. 2020

2D Photonic Materials and Devices III

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Thermal poling, a technique to create permanently effective second-order susceptibility in silica optical fibers, has recently been improved by the discovery of an "induction poling" technique 1 and the adoption of liquid electrodes 2 , allowing for poling fibers of any length and geometry. Nevertheless, the nonlinearity created via thermal poling is always limited by the (#) of the optical fiber material and by the maximum electric field that can be frozen inside the glass. For these reasons research is ongoing to determine routes for further improving the nonlinear effects due to the thermal poling process. In this work, we propose to enhance the effects of the thermal poling by exploiting the intrinsic nonlinear properties of some 2D materials 3 , which are deposited inside the cladding holes of a twin-hole silica fiber. The materials we focused on are 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide (2D TMDC) MoS 2 and WS 2 and the technique adopted to realize the deposition inside the cladding channels of a twin-hole step index silica fiber consists of a thermal decomposition process 4 of the precursor ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (NH4)2MoS4 in 6% H 2 /Ar flow. The technique has allowed us to uniformly coat the two cladding channels for a length of ≈25 cm with a film nominally consisting in a bi-layer of the 2D materials. A Ramanbased analysis has been used to test the morphology of the coating. The fiber deposited with 2D materials was later thermally poled and periodically erased via exposure to UV light to reach the QPM condition at a wavelength of ≈1550 nm. The effective (%) of the fiber was measured via SHG for both the deposited and the pristine fiber, showing an enhancement of the nonlinearity in favor of the deposited one. The phenomenon can be explained by the exploitation of a higher (#) seen by the pump wave due to the presence of the 2D layer deposited inside the cladding holes and opens the possibility of exploiting the higher intrinsic material (%) , in case of a periodic patterning/synthesis of the TMDC.

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Single is better than double: theoretical and experimental comparison between two thermal poling configurations of optical fibers

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Thermal Poling of Optical Fibers: A Numerical History

Thermal Poling of Optical Fibers: A Numerical History

Parametrically driven Kerr cavity solitons

Enhancing the nonlinear functionality of step-index silica fibers through the combination of thermal poling and 2D materials

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