Single joint perturbation during gait: neuronal control of movement trajectory

Dietz, Volker; Colombo, G.; Müller, Roland

doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1904-3

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The only observed temporal difference among subject groups was a delayed TA response in subjects with SCI (both MCSCI and MISCI) compared to ND individuals. The response latencies observed in the TA muscle of the ND subjects were consistent with those reported previously for similar perturbations (Dietz et al, 2004). The delay in TA response observed in subjects with SCI might be due to an impaired or absent input from supraspinal centers which normally function to modulate spinal neuronal responses to afferent input (Berger et al, 1984;Dietz et al, 1989).…”

Section: Autonomy Of the Spinal Cord To Generate Compensatory Responssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The DGO utilized in this study greatly reduces the postural requirements normally associated with locomotion. Nevertheless, the pattern of leg muscle activation has been shown to be similar during walking within and without the DGO in ND subjects (Dietz et al, 2004). However, the reduced postural requirements might contribute to differences in the response pattern to perturbations.…”

Section: Task-dependency Of the Response Patternmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Subjects were positioned within the driven gait orthosis (DGO; Lokomat®, Hocoma AG, Zurich, Switzerland) according to procedures described elsewhere (Dietz et al, 2004). Briefly, subjects wore a body weight support (BWS) harness and the trunk and pelvis were strapped to the backrest of the DGO.…”

Section: Walking Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

Field-Fote¹,

Dietz²

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-Responses to afferent input during locomotion are organized at the spinal level but modulated by supraspinal centers. The study aim was to examine whether supraspinal influences affect the behavior of complex electromyographic (EMG) responses to single limb perturbations during walking.Methods-Subjects with motor-complete (MCSCI), motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (MISCI), and non-disabled (ND) subjects participated. Hip or knee joint trajectory was briefly arrested by a robotic device at early or late swing phase. EMG responses from muscles of both legs were analyzed.Results-Perturbation-induced EMG responses of spinal cord injured and ND individuals were similar in basic structure, with the exception that tibialis anterior onset times were delayed for SCI subjects. Across all groups, perturbations in late swing (i.e., near the swing-to-stance transition) were associated with shorter muscle onset times and higher EMG amplitudes. Knee perturbations were associated with shorter muscle response onset times, while hip perturbations were elicited higher response amplitudes. EMG responses were also evoked in muscles contralateral to the perturbation.Conclusions-These data indicate that neuronal circuits within the spinal cord deprived of normal supraspinal input respond to swing phase perturbations in a manner that is similar to that of the intact spinal cord.Significance-The adult human spinal cord is capable of generating complex, phase-appropriate responses much as has been observed in studies of human infants and in spinal animals.

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Section: Autonomy Of the Spinal Cord To Generate Compensatory Responssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Task-dependency Of the Response Patternmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

Field-Fote¹,

Dietz²

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Interlimb reflexes are known to be relevant for postural stability (Dietz 2002). For instance, during walking, bilateral leg muscle responses are elicited by unilateral rotational hip or knee joint perturbations, and these may serve to restore the physiological movement trajectory (Dietz et al 2004). Bilateral responses elicited by unilateral treadmill acceleration or deceleration or electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve appear to be specific for the type of perturbation and dependent on the phase of the gait cycle in which the perturbation occurs (Berger et al 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of crossed reflex responses on dynamic stability during locomotion

Gervasio

Kersting

Farina

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Gervasio S, Kersting UG, Farina D, Mrachacz-Kersting N. The effect of crossed reflex responses on dynamic stability during locomotion. J Neurophysiol 114: 1034 -1040, 2015. First published June 10, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00178.2015In recent studies, we demonstrated that a neural pathway within the human spinal cord allows direct communication between muscles located in the opposing limb. Short-latency crossed responses (SLCRs) are elicited in the contralateral triceps surae at an onset of 40 -69 ms following electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tibial nerve (iTN). The SLCRs are significantly affected by lesions of the central nervous system where the patients are unable to attain normal walking symmetry. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functionality of SLCRs by investigating their effects on the center of pressure (CoP) and pressure distribution. SLCRs were elicited by iTN stimulation at the end of the ipsilateral swing phase while the participants (n ϭ 8) walked on a treadmill. CoP location and pressure distribution on the sole of the contralateral foot were recorded using instrumented insoles inserted bilaterally in the participant's shoes. The SLCR induced a significant displacement of the CoP toward the medial and anterior direction, associated with a significant increase in pressure at the level of the first metatarsal head. The SLCR contributed to dynamic stability, accelerating the propulsion phase of the contralateral leg and thus preparing for a faster step in the event that the ipsilateral leg is not able to support body weight. The results presented here provide new insight into the functionality of SLCRs, introducing the perspective that training these reflexes, as shown successfully for other reflex pathways, would increase dynamic stability in patients with impaired locomotion. human locomotion; interlimb reflexes; functionality; interlimb communication

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that the differences in the stability of the leg kinematics at heel-contact and mid-swing may be related to the viewpoint that stance and swing phase dynamics are governed by different balance control mechanisms (FrenkelToledo et al, 2005;Gabell and Nayak, 1984). This notion is partly supported by experimental evidence that has shown that humans respond differently to disturbances experienced in the different phases of the gait cycle (Dietz et al, 2004). However, additional studies are necessary to better understand the differences in stability of the leg kinematics during the stance and swing phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent effect of added mass on the stability of the sagittal plane leg kinematics during steady-state human walking

Arellano

O’Connor

Layne

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThis study investigated the independent effect of added mass on the stability of the leg kinematics during human walking. We reasoned that adding mass would influence the body's inertial state and thus challenge the ability of the leg to redirect and accelerate the total mass of the body while walking. We hypothesized that walking with added mass would reduce the stability of the leg kinematics. Lower extremity sagittal plane joint kinematics were recorded for 23 subjects as they walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed with and without added mass. The total mass of each subject was manipulated with combinations of simulated reduced gravity and added load. The stability of the leg kinematics was evaluated by computing the eigenvalues of the Poincaré map (i.e. Floquet analysis) that defined the position and velocity of the right hip, knee and ankle at heel-contact and midswing. Significant differences in stability were found between the various added mass conditions (P=0.040) and instant in the gait cycle (P=0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that walking with 30% added mass compromised the stability of the leg kinematics compared with walking without additional mass (P=0.031). In addition, greater instability was detected at the instance of heelcontact compared with mid-swing (P=0.001). Our results reveal that walking with added mass gives rise to greater disturbances in the leg kinematics, and may be related to the redirection and acceleration of the body throughout the gait cycle. Walking with added mass reduces the stability of the leg kinematics and possibly the overall balance of the walking pattern.

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Single joint perturbation during gait: neuronal control of movement trajectory

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

Single joint perturbation during gait: Preserved compensatory response pattern in spinal cord injured subjects

The effect of crossed reflex responses on dynamic stability during locomotion

The independent effect of added mass on the stability of the sagittal plane leg kinematics during steady-state human walking

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