Single-Layer Blue Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Small-Molecule Mixed Hosts: Comparison between the Solution and Vacuum Fabrication Processes

Abstract

We find an explicit relation between the two known ways of generating an infinite set of local conserved charges for the string sigma model on AdS 5 × S 5 : the Bäcklund and monodromy approaches. We start by constructing the two-parameter family of Bäcklund transformations for the string with an arbitrary world-sheet metric. We then show that only for a special value of one of the parameters the solutions generated by this transformation are compatible with the Virasoro constraints. By solving the Bäcklund equations in a non-perturbative fashion, we finally show that the generating functional of the Bäcklund conservation laws is equal to a certain sum of the quasi-momenta. The positions of the quasi-momenta in the complex spectral plane are uniquely determined by the real parameter of the Bäcklund transform.

Carbazole/Benzimidazole-Based Bipolar Molecules as the Hosts for Phosphorescent and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Efficient OLEDs

“…Then the electrical characteristics can be fitted by the well-known Mott–Gurney equation, as shown below. However, such a method was followed by previous work to determine the charge mobility of organic materials with a thin thickness less than 120 nm where J is the hole- or electron-only device’s current density, ε is the relative permittivity of the active material, ε 0 is the permittivity of vacuum, V is the applied voltage, and d is the thickness of the organic thin film.…”

“…Then the electrical characteristics can be fitted by the well-known Mott−Gurney equation, as shown below. However, such a method was followed by previous work to determine the charge mobility of organic materials with a thin thickness less than 120 nm 34…”

Blue iridium complexes as electron trapping sites and efficient recombination centres in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) seen by spectrally resolved thermoluminescence

“…The strong spin-orbit coupling in the heavy metal complexes promotes the harvest of both singlet and triplet electrically generated excitons [3]. However, the heavy metal complex molecules have to be added in an appropriate host material to reduce their triplet-triplet and concentration quenching effects [4,5]. Either low molecular materials or polymers can be taken into consideration as a host for metal complexes [4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…However, the heavy metal complex molecules have to be added in an appropriate host material to reduce their triplet-triplet and concentration quenching effects [4,5]. Either low molecular materials or polymers can be taken into consideration as a host for metal complexes [4][5][6][7][8]. Nevertheless, polymer hosts are more promising for use in large-area flexible devices due to advantages of solution processing technology such as easier and lower cost of fabrication [6,9,10].…”

SimCP3—An Advanced Homologue of SimCP2 as a Solution-Processed Small Molecular Host Material for Blue Phosphorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

“…Accordingly, for more desirable production or fabrication process, there have been a number of solution-processable small molecular host materials for blue phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes in recent years [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. We and others have developed and demonstrated bis(3,5-di(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane ( SimCP2 in Scheme 1) as one of high-performance solution-processable small molecular host materials for yellow, green, and blue phosphorescence OLEDs [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. More recently, SimCP2 hosted FIrpic OLEDs were reported as having EL efficiency reaching ~11%, ~11 lm/W, or 23 cd/A [23].…”