Single Mach–Zehnder interferometer based optical Boolean logic gates

Reis, C.; Chattopadhyay, Tanay; André, Paulo S.; Teixeira, A.

doi:10.1364/ao.51.008693

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This shows that the graphene plasmonic MZI logic gates are very efficient, having a minimum average extinction ratio between OFF/ON states of 15dB for all types of logic. In comparison to conventional MZI logic gates, especially for the NOR/AND and NAND/OR logics, they usually only have ~5dB extinction ratios [4,5]. We further show in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Recently, a range of silicon-on-insulator optical logic gates has been designed based on the directed logic architecture, which includes the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring resonator (MRR) types [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, those logic gates have their own set of problems in certain logic-function implementations:In the AND/OR logic implementation for the MZI logic gate, there is a need for arbitrary definition of the ON/OFF threshold logic intensity levels [4,5]. This is due to the absence of cutoff states in the MZI logic gate architecture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the AND/OR logic implementation for the MZI logic gate, there is a need for arbitrary definition of the ON/OFF threshold logic intensity levels [4,5]. This is due to the absence of cutoff states in the MZI logic gate architecture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the directed logic architecture can avoid many of the abovementioned undesirable effects associated with the electronic logic. Recently, a range of silicon-on-insulator optical logic gates has been designed based on the directed logic architecture, which includes the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring resonator (MRR) types [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, those logic gates have their own set of problems in certain logic-function implementations:…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The versatile control of graphene's plasmonic modes via an external gate-voltage inspires us to design efficient electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates at the mid-infrared wavelengths. We show that these devices are superior to the conventional optical logic gates because the former possess both cutoff states and interferometric effects. Moreover, the designed 6 basic logic gates (i.e. NOR/AND, NAND/OR, XNOR/XOR) achieved not only ultra-compact size-lengths of less than λ/28 with respect to the operating wavelength of 10µm, but also a minimum extinction ratio of as high as 15dB. These graphene plasmonic logic gates are potential building blocks for future nanoscale mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits.In recent years, the mid-infrared wavelength is attracting a lot of research interests due to potential device applications in areas ranging from free-space telecommunications, sensing and medicine, to infrared countermeasures and reconnaissance [1,2]. One of the components which might be found ubiquitously in those devices would be the electronic logic for signal processing. However, due to its architecture, the electronic logic inherently experiences undesirable effects such as latency and racecondition glitches, which might compromise the safety and reliability of those devices.A better alternative would be to use the optical directed logic architecture [3], which has markedly-reduced gate propagation and state-change delays. The advantage of directed logic is prominently seen when logic gates are cascaded: because the gate and propagating signals are kept separate in directed logic, all gates can be switched simultaneously, very unlike electronic logic gates where their gate delays are cascaded. Consequently, the directed logic architecture can avoid many of the abovementioned undesirable effects associated with the electronic logic. Recently, a range of silicon-on-insulator optical logic gates has been designed based on the directed logic architecture, which includes the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring resonator (MRR) types [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, those logic gates have their own set of problems in certain logic-function implementations:In the AND/OR logic implementation for the MZI logic gate, there is a need for arbitrary definition of the ON/OFF threshold logic intensity levels [4,5]. This is due to the absence of cutoff states in the MZI logic gate architecture.(ii)The MRR logic gate is superior in the AND/OR logic implementation due to having cutoff states [7,9,10]. However, difficulties arise in the XOR/XNOR logic implementation due to its lack of interferometric effects. As such, implementing these logics in MRR would either require additional switches and/or strategic placement of the switches [6-8], or using two wavelength signals [9].In this Letter, we would like to introduce MZI-based graphene plasmonic logic gates as a common solution to the abovementioned problems. Specifically, we want to show that the graphene plasmonic MZI logic gate does not face ...

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confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, in the design of photonic FPGA (pFPGA), the reconfigurable photonic logic blocks (photonic configurable logic block (pCLB)) are a sea of universal photonic gates (UPGs) that can be used to perform the required logical operations in photonic way [1–7 ]. In photonics,

2 \times 2

Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is being used to perform all the logical operations [8 ]. However, cross‐talk and requirement of different voltage levels to establish respective phase‐shift, to realise the logical operations are the existing major issues in the

2 \times 2

MZI.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photonic configurable logic block for digital photonic integrated circuits

Meerasha

Pandiyan

2020

Electron. lett.

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In this Letter, the authors designed a photonic configurable logic block (pCLB) with 1×1 Mach–Zehnder modulator as a universal photonic gate (UPG) using electro‐optic mechanism. The UPG is capable of performing all the logical operations with the help of FPGA as a configuration controller. The functionality and its suitability is verified by forming a pCLB of ten UPGs, which finds applications in digital photonics. For the design of pCLB, traditional electronic design automation tools are used. The pCLB provides features namely scalability and modular approach, for the reconfigurable digital photonic integrated circuits. The photonic gate designed using a two‐dimensional finite difference time domain approach shows a crosstalk‐free operation with a negligible transmission loss of 0.18 dB and flexible switching control compared to the existing 2×2 MZI‐based photonic gate.

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BDD‐based optimized majority/minority gate using electro‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometer

Chattopadhyay

2024

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this article, an optical majority/minority circuit has been designed using four electro‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometers. The binary decision diagram (BDD) is used to optimize the Boolean logical expression. In this design we get two outputs, one performs majority logic and the other performs minority logic simultaneously. Numerical simulation has been done with the obtained data from the beam propagation method. Pseudo‐eye diagram is also plotted to find amplitude modulation (AM) and extinction ratio (ER). AM and ER are found nearly 0.4 and 13 dB, respectively. A new parameter, the optical circuit complexity factor (OCC) factor has been calculated and from the result, it has been shown that the proposed design is more optimized than other majority/minority gate designs so far.

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Single Mach–Zehnder interferometer based optical Boolean logic gates

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates

Electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates

Photonic configurable logic block for digital photonic integrated circuits

BDD‐based optimized majority/minority gate using electro‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometer

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