Single MWNT‐Glass Fiber as Strain Sensor and Switch

Zhang, Jie; Liu, Jianwen; Zhuang, Rong‐Chuan; Mäder, Edith; Heinrich, Gert; Gao, Shang‐Lin

doi:10.1002/adma.201101104

Cited by 124 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…For example, low-strain gauges can be implemented for the structural health-monitoring, [ 123,124 ] mass measurement, [ 125,126 ] pressure sensing, [ 67,81 ] etc. On the other hand, highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors could be utilized as body-integrated electronic devices.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

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wileyonlinelibrary.comSkin-mountable and wearable sensors can be attached onto the clothing or even directly mounted on the human skin for the real-time monitoring of human activities. [ 10 ] Besides their high effi ciency, they must fulfi ll several minimum requirements including high stretchability, fl exibility, durability, low power consumption, biocompatibility, and lightweight. These demands become even more severe for epidermal electronic devices where mechanical compliance like human skin and high stretchability ( ε > 100% where ε is the strain) are required. [ 11,12 ] Recently, several types of skin-mountable and wearable sensors have been proposed by using nanomaterials coupled with fl exible and stretchable polymers. Indeed, nanomaterials are utilized as functional sensing elements owing to their outstanding electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties while polymers are employed as fl exible support materials thanks to their fl exibility, stretchability, humanfriendliness, and durability. [ 13 ] Examples of those innovative sensors include strain sensors, [ 10,[12][13][14] pressure sensors, [ 5,[15][16][17] electronic skins (e-skins), [ 3,[16][17][18][19][20] and temperature sensors. [ 2,21,22 ] Particularly, various skin-mountable and wearable strain sensors have been developed because of their broad applications in personalized heath-monitoring, human motion detection, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. [ 10,12,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] This paper aims to survey fabrication processes, working mechanisms, strain sensing performances, and applications of stretchable strain sensors. The article is organized as follows: fi rst, common operation mechanisms of stretchable strain sensors are described. Here, we summarize novel functional nanomaterials and techniques for the fabrication of stretchable strain sensors in details. Second, mechanisms involved in the strain-responsive behavior of resistive-type and capacitive-type sensors are explained. We show that the infl uence of traditional mechanisms like geometrical changes and piezoresistivity of materials on the strain sensing performance of fl exible strain sensors are very small whereas mechanisms such as disconnection between sensing elements, crack propagation in thin fi lms, and tunneling effect can potentially be employed for highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensing. Third, we emphasize the performance parameters of stretchable strain sensors in terms of stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis behavior, response time, overshooting, and durability. We demonstrate

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Amjadi

Kyung

Park

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

2,629

2,129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The "bridging" of the MWCNTs between the crack flanks may work as "switch" (quoted as "junction-break" mechanism [29]) until the crack closure supports that reconnection of the pulled out and fractured MWCNTs.…”

Section: Sensing/damage Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The group of Mäder explored the damage sensing possibilities of MWCNT networks deposited on the surface of various non-conductive reinforcing fibers, such as GF [25,27,29] and NF (jute) [45] by sizing/coating (cf. section 2).…”

Section: Sensing/damage Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in fiber/matrix interphase engineering for polymer composites

Karger‐Kocsis

Mahmood

Pegoretti

2015

Progress in Materials Science

499

251

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This review summarizes the recent (from year 2000) advancements in the interphase tailoring of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The scientific and technological achievements are classified on the basis of the selected strategies distinguishing between i) interphase tailoring via sizing/coating on fibers, ii) creation of hierarchical fibers by nanostructures, iii) fiber surface modifications by polymer deposition and iv) potential effects of matrix modifications on the interphase formation. Special attention was paid to report on efforts dedicated to the creation on (multi)functional interphase in polymer composites. This review is round up by listing current trends in the characterization and modelling of the interphase. In the final outlook, future opportunities and challenges in the engineering of fiber/matrix interphase are summarized.

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“…Thus, it might also reveal recycling strategies and contribute to upgrading the properties of recycled basalt fibers. This paper is an interesting continuation of previous work based on glass fibers [9][10][11][12]; many sensor utilities have switched to highly sensitive multifunctional carbon nanoparticle systems that can implement non-conductive glass fibers with electrical conductivity and realize response properties. This advance has resulted in smart composite interphases, variations of the material properties, and stimulated response to changes in the external environment (temperature, strain/stress, relative humidity) for structural application.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glass Fibers: Quo Vadis?

Mäder

2017

Fibers

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Since the early 1930s, the process of melting glass and subsequently forming fibers, in particular discontinuous fiber glass or continuous glass filaments, evolved into commercial-scale manufacturing. Most commonly, a direct melt process is applied. Thereby, the several raw materials were mixed, fed into a furnace, melted and forwarded to the fiber-forming units. Here, the filaments are formed by passing a bushing plate with a certain number of nozzles. Both the number of nozzles as well as its design may vary. Arrangements of 4000 or 8000 nozzles frequently occur. The bushing plate is the most important and expensive part of the machinery for glass fiber processing. The bushings are heated electrically and their temperatures are precisely controlled to maintain a constant viscosity of the glass melt. A high-speed winder catches the filaments at a circumferential speed, which is much faster than the molten glass that exits the bushings. Thus, a tension is applied to the filaments. The fiber-forming process is affected by the constitution and properties of the glass melt. Although glass fibers can even be made from strong viscous silicate melts, other ingredients are added to reduce the melting temperature and viscosity and impart other properties for specific applications. E-glass, originally aimed at electrical applications, with a composition including SiO 2 , AI 2 O 3 , CaO and MgO, was further developed as a more alkali-resistant and high-performance alternative to the original soda lime glass in order to design environmentally and energy-friendly glass compositions [1]. Boron was also added via B 2 O 3 to increase the difference between the temperatures at which the E-glass batch melted, or it was avoided, motivated by environmentally-friendly aspects. S-glass fibers, developed for higher strength, are based on a SiO 2 -AI 2 O 3 -MgO formulation but contain higher percentages of SiO 2 for applications in which tensile strength is the most important property. AR-glass fibers (alkali-resistant) for applications in textile-reinforced concrete were developed by adding Zr 2 O 3 or basalt fibers which became popular as glass fibers rich in iron-oxide with enhanced Young's modulus and temperature resistance compared to those of E-glass fibers. In the final stage of the fiberization, a chemical coating or sizing is applied. Sizing is typically added at 0.5 to 2.0 wt % and includes coupling agents, film formers and lubricants. The sizing constituents influence both filament tensile strength and strand integrity, cause the fiber to strengthen the adhesion at the interface depending on the resin chemistry, improve the resin wetting and the compatibility with the resin, if the filaments are used for composites.Summarizing the present state, the basic glass fiber processing as well as the glass fibers, have changed by many refinements since its commercialization more than 80 years ago, especially due to two main drivers: (i) highly economic and energy-efficient processing; (ii) improvement of the performance of the prod...

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Single MWNT‐Glass Fiber as Strain Sensor and Switch

Cited by 124 publications

References 37 publications

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review

Recent advances in fiber/matrix interphase engineering for polymer composites

Glass Fibers: Quo Vadis?

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