Single neuron responses in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex during visual discrimination

Nishijo, Hisao; Yamamoto, Yuichiro; Ono, Taketoshi; Uwano, Teruko; Yamashita, Junkoh; Yamashima, Tetsumori

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00310-8

Cited by 81 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Monkey single-unit data (24) and human fMRI data (19) clearly indicate that dACC responds well in advance of stimuli-a fact other theories cannot adequately incorporate. Also, the fact that monkey single-unit studies (24)(25)(26)(27) repeatedly show responses by different cells at different times (prestimulus, preresponse, peri-response, postresponse) presents a puzzle for alternative, unimodal theories. If dACC cells only responded to errors or rewards, then activity should not occur before the response (and certainly not before stimulus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Niki and Watanabe (24) identified timing (stimulus anticipation) units, and others sensitive to targets, motor responses, rewards, or errors. Nishijo et al (25) found anticipatory, stimulus-related, response-related, and reward ACC cells-adding that subsets responded to novelty, whereas others could discriminate rewarding, aversive, and neutral objects. Procyk et al (26) recorded dACC cells that reacted to targets, rewards or error cues, and others involved in routine and nonroutine motor sequencing behaviors in macaques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

Bush

Vogt

Holmes

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

973

593

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Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a brain region that subserves cognition and motor control, but the mechanisms of these functions remain unknown. Human neuroimaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have provided valuable insights, but it has been difficult to link the two literatures. Based on monkey single-unit recordings, we hypothesized that human dACC is comprised of a mixture of functionally distinct cells that variously anticipate and detect targets, indicate novelty, influence motor responses, encode reward values, and signal errors. As an initial test of this conceptualization, the current event-related functional MRI study used a reward-based decision-making task to isolate responses from a subpopulation of dACC cells sensitive to reward reduction. As predicted, seven of eight subjects showed significant (P < 10 ؊4 ) dACC activation when contrasting reduced reward (REDrew) trials to fixation (FIX). Confirmatory group analyses then corroborated the predicted ordinal relationships of functional MRI activation expected during each trial type (REDrew > SWITCH > CONrew > FIX). The data support a role for dACC in reward-based decision making, and by linking the human and monkey literatures, provide initial support for the existence of heterogeneity within dACC. These findings should be of interest to those studying reward, cognition, emotion, motivation, and motor control. ʈ A nterior cingulate cortex (ACC) lies on the medial surfaces of the brain's frontal lobes and encompasses subdivisions that play key roles in cognitive, motor, and emotional processing (1). Dorsal ACC (dACC) in humans includes cortex on the dorsal and ventral banks of the cingulate sulcus, and overlaps the territory occupied by the rostral cingulate motor area (CMAr) in monkeys (2, 3), which has projections directly to the spinal cord (4) and motor and limbic cortices (5). Convergent data (6, 7) has established that dACC specifically subserves cognition (8) and motor control (9), but the mechanisms by which this region operates have not been elucidated. Based primarily on work in humans, different functions have been ascribed to this area, including attention-for-action͞target selection (10, 11), motivational valence assignment (12), motor response selection (13-15), error detection͞performance monitoring (16, 17), competition monitoring (18), anticipation (19), working memory (20), novelty detection (21), and reward assessment (22), but no single unifying model explains the diverse results from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies (1). In addition to the intrinsic importance of providing new information about normal cognition and motor control, determining how dACC works is essential because abnormalities of different ACC subdivisions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders (23).Single-unit recording studies have confirmed heterogeneity in monkey CMAr. Niki and Watanabe (24) identified timing (stimulus anticipation) units, and others sensitive to targets, motor responses, rewa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

Bush

Vogt

Holmes

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

973

593

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This interpretation is supported by other studies indicating that the ACC contributes to pain-related learning. Several in vivo electrophysiological studies have shown that individual ACC neurons (some of them characterized as noci-responsive) can acquire responses to environmental cues that predict a painful stimulus (38)(39)(40). Moreover, lesions of area 24b in the rabbit disrupt a conditioned decrease in latency to avoid a noxious stimulus (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophysiological studies lend support to this view of ACC processing. First, neurons in the ACC respond both to noxious stimuli and cues that predict a noxious stimulus (8,13,14,(38)(39)(40). Interestingly, one study examined response properties of individual ACC neurons to both a pain-predictive cue and a noxious stimulus (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The affective component of pain in rodents: Direct evidence for a contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex

Johansen

Fields²,

Manning³

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

589

459

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“…Given the substantial role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in cognitive coordination and in schizophrenia (Sanders et al 2002), it is noteworthy that ACC and primary visual cortex have strong physical (Vogt & Miller 1983) and functional (Nishijo et al 1997) connectivity mediated by glutamate transmission and NMDA-receptors (Sah & Nicoll 1991). As a result, hypofunction in visual cortex may lead to diminished input for and altered structure or function of NMDAreceptors in the ACC.…”

Section: No Blind Schizophrenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combating fuzziness with computational modeling

Talamini¹,

Meeter²,

Murre³

2003

Behav Brain Sci

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Cognitive neuroscience provides a new conceptual framework for psychiatry by showing how psychological processes arise from neuronal activity (Kandel 1998). Conversely, it is possible that psychiatry will influence the future development of cognitive neuroscience by encouraging a better balance between localist and holistic conceptions of brain function. An apparent conflict between these conceptions has been central to the development of neuroscience, with the emphasis upon locally specialized functions emerging as clearly dominant. Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging all show that different regions of the brain process information about different things, and that different cells within regions deal with different aspects of those things. Recent developments in experimental and theoretical neurobiology, however, are leading to an increased emphasis upon interactions that coordinate the activity of locally specialized processors. Here we argue that impairment of these coor-BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2003) Abstract:The concept of locally specialized functions dominates research on higher brain function and its disorders. Locally specialized functions must be complemented by processes that coordinate those functions, however, and impairment of coordinating processes may be central to some psychotic conditions. Evidence for processes that coordinate activity is provided by neurobiological and psychological studies of contextual disambiguation and dynamic grouping. Mechanisms by which this important class of cognitive functions could be achieved include those long-range connections within and between cortical regions that activate synaptic channels via NMDAreceptors, and which control gain through their voltage-dependent mode of operation. An impairment of these mechanisms is central to PCP-psychosis, and the cognitive capabilities that they could provide are impaired in some forms of schizophrenia. We conclude that impaired cognitive coordination due to reduced ion flow through NMDA-channels is involved in schizophrenia, and we suggest that it may also be involved in other disorders. This perspective suggests several ways in which further research could enhance our understanding of cognitive coordination, its neural basis, and its relevance to psychopathology.Keywords: attention; cerebral cortex; cognitive coordination; cognitive neuropsychiatry; cognitive neuropsychology; context disorganization; Gamma rhythms; Gestalt theory; glutamate; grouping; memory; NMDA-receptors; PCP-psychosis; perceptual organization; schizophrenia William A. Phillips, Ph.D., is Professor of Neuropsychology at the University of Stirling, Scotland UK. He has published more than 70 papers on vision, visual memory, perceptual learning, childrens drawings, the effects of brain damage on reading and writing, and the theory of neuronal computation. He was a founder and the first Director of the Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience at the University of Stirling.Steven M. Silverstein, Ph.D., is A...

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Single neuron responses in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex during visual discrimination

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

The affective component of pain in rodents: Direct evidence for a contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex

Combating fuzziness with computational modeling

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