Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Melanocortin 1 Receptor gene are linked with lightness of fibre colour in Peruvian Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Guridi, M.; Soret, B.; Alfonso, L.; Arana, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02205.x

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Repeat sequences were inferred to comprised 33.1% of the genome in L. guanicoe, 32.7% in V. vicugna, and 27.02% in L. glama, lower values than in most mammals [11], although such sequences were difficult to assemble most likely due to the limitations of short-read sequencing. Resequencing of seven individuals per species (Additional file 1: Figure S2; Table S8) yielded an average sequence depth of 16-fold after filtering (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) Gb, Additional file 1: Table S9). Resequencing uncovered 21.3 million SNPs and a heterozygous SNP rate of 0.0030 for alpaca, 25.2 million and 0.0023 for vicuña, 16.7 million and 0.0018 for guanaco, and 16.1 million and 0.0020 for llama, indicating a higher overall SNP rate for the Vicugna lineage.…”

Section: De Novo Sequencing Assembly and Resequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca

Fan

Guang

et al. 2020

Genome Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Despite their regional economic importance and being increasingly reared globally, the origins and evolution of the llama and alpaca remain poorly understood. Here we report reference genomes for the llama, and for the guanaco and vicuña (their putative wild progenitors), compare these with the published alpaca genome, and resequence seven individuals of all four species to better understand domestication and introgression between the llama and alpaca. Results: Phylogenomic analysis confirms that the llama was domesticated from the guanaco and the alpaca from the vicuña. Introgression was much higher in the alpaca genome (36%) than the llama (5%) and could be dated close to the time of the Spanish conquest, approximately 500 years ago. Introgression patterns are at their most variable on the X-chromosome of the alpaca, featuring 53 genes known to have deleterious X-linked phenotypes in humans. Strong genome-wide introgression signatures include olfactory receptor complexes into both species, hypertension resistance into alpaca, and fleece/fiber traits into llama. Genomic signatures of domestication in the llama include male reproductive traits, while in alpaca feature fleece characteristics, olfaction-related and hypoxia adaptation traits. Expression analysis of the introgressed region that is syntenic to human HSA4q21, a gene cluster previously associated with hypertension in humans under hypoxic conditions, shows a previously undocumented role for PRDM8 downregulation as a potential transcriptional regulation mechanism, analogous to that previously reported at high altitude for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Conclusions: The unprecedented introgression signatures within both domestic camelid genomes may reflect post-conquest changes in agriculture and the breakdown of traditional management practices.

show abstract

Section: De Novo Sequencing Assembly and Resequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca

Fan

Guang

et al. 2020

Genome Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Controlling for such environmental effects during image collection and selecting appropriate color models is thus important to reduce the noise variance. The most commonly used color model is the Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* system established in 1976 [23], which has been typically employed in genetic studies of pigmentation information collected via spectrophotometers [24][25][26]. In the CIELab color model, any color can be represented by three variables: L*, the lightness-darkness axis; a*, the red-green axis; and b*, the blue-yellow axis, which can be plotted in three-dimensional space [27].…”

Section: Pigmentation Phenotypes: Quantification and Normalization Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorful DNA polymorphisms in humans

Liu

Wen

Kayser

2013

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tIn this review article we summarize current knowledge on how variation on the DNA level influences human pigmentation including color variation of iris, hair, and skin. We review recent progress in the field of human pigmentation genetics by focusing on the genes and DNA polymorphisms discovered to be involved in determining human pigmentation traits, their association with diseases particularly skin cancers, and their power to predict human eye, hair, and skin colors with potential utilization in forensic investigations.

show abstract

“…The classic grey phenotype is a characteristic dilution of the base colour and can occur over a eumelanic (silvergrey) or pheomelanic (rosegrey) base colour due to unknown mechanisms that govern the variable intensity [28]. In addition, the KRT2 and ASIP genes seem to influence colour determination of alpacas [29,30] whereas the MC1R gene might influence coat lightness [31]. For llamas it was shown that the expression of KIT and MITF was significantly lower in white animals than in coloured ones [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The increasing popularity of alpacas and llamas outside of South America is undeniable. The associated limited genetic diversity raises questions about health and other genetically determined traits like coat colour. Therefore, a survey studying the prevalence of congenital disorders and coat colours and patterns in South American camelids was performed in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Moreover, the motivation for keeping these animals, the herd size and breeds was assessed. Results A total of 146 questionnaires were returned corresponding to 16 farms from Austria, 69 farms from Germany, and 61 farms from Switzerland. In total, the returned surveys reported data on 2770 animals including ~ 85% alpacas and ~ 15% llamas. The most common alpaca breed was Huacaya (87.7%), the most common llama breed was Wooly (15.6%). Breeding (69.4%), wool production (63.3%) and keeping them as pets (53.7%) were the most common motivations to keep these animals, although this varied among countries. The three coat colour groups, solid white (24.8%), brown and black (64.8%) and grey (10.4%), occurred at different frequencies. About 7% of the South American camelids with solid white coat showed blue-pigmented eyes, corresponding to the known blue-eyed white phenotype, of which more than every second animal was apparently deaf. Uniform solid coloured animals occurred predominantly (81.4%), whereas pinto (8.8%), speckled (6.4%) and spotted (3.4%), also known as appaloosa, were comparably less prevalent. In total 161 observations of congenital disorders occurring during a 5-year-period were reported. The most prevalent disorders were in the group of musculoskeletal disorders such as spiral toe growth (16.4%), hyperextension of the fetlock joint (12.3%), angular limb deformities (11.0%) and axial rotation of the limbs (8.2%). Conclusions This survey revealed first insights into the occurrence of different traits and disorders in the current South American camelid population of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The identification of the most common musculoskeletal disorders might encourage the breeders to eliminate affected animals from their breeding program to decrease the incidence although traits such as spiral toe growth might also represent phenocopies.

show abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Melanocortin 1 Receptor gene are linked with lightness of fibre colour in Peruvian Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca

Genomic analysis of the domestication and post-Spanish conquest evolution of the llama and alpaca

Colorful DNA polymorphisms in humans

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About