Single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal a genetic cline across the north‐east Atlantic and enable powerful population assignment in the European lobster

Jenkins, Tom L.; Ellis, Charlie D.; Triantafyllidis, Alexandros; Stevens, Jamie R.

doi:10.1111/eva.12849

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…As per Jenkins et al 29 , filtering of the full 96-SNP data set removed 17 SNPs, leaving a panel of 79 SNPs ( Supplementary Table S1), across which the mean level of missing data for all new samples was 3.0%. Among sample types, the mean level of missing data was 3.0% for hybrid larvae, 3.8% for cooked lobster samples, and 1.0% for live-sampled H. americanus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 79 SNP loci known to be highly polymorphic in H. gammarus 29 , only 12 were polymorphic across all H. americanus samples (n = 38), with 45 polymorphic among the clutch of hybrid siblings (n = 30). All except one of the 12-SNP subset were monomorphic in H. americanus, and the single locus to show heterozygosity did so in only one individual (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, DNA from cooked samples frequently evidenced degradation via electrophoresis. Genotyping and scoring of the 96 SNP loci of Jenkins et al 28 was carried out on the Fluidigm EP1 system, following the protocols outlined in Jenkins et al 29 . Two separate genotyping runs were conducted on all samples from cooked lobsters and expected hybrids to test repeatability of results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two separate genotyping runs were conducted on all samples from cooked lobsters and expected hybrids to test repeatability of results. To provide reference samples and test the potential occurrence of hybrids among wild European lobster populations, these new data were added to a data set comprised of 1,278 H. gammarus genotyped by Jenkins et al 29 . Quality control and filtering of genotype data followed the protocols outlined by Jenkins et al 29 , except that the permissible missing data threshold was relaxed from 20% to 40% to ensure retention of three cooked samples that failed the stricter criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of modern molecular resources is required to enable comprehensive assessments of the potential for H. americanus to threaten its congener in Europe through hybridisation in the wild, and to undermine market traceability via mislabelling. In this study, we tested single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, recently developed to assess H. gammarus population structure 28,29 , for their application in discerning the two Homarus species and their hybrids, including their utility with pre-cooked material, with the aim of developing universal and accurate molecular tools for species and hybrid assignment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Crossing the pond: genetic assignment detects lobster hybridisation

Ellis

Jenkins

Svanberg

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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American lobsters (Homarus americanus) imported live into Europe as a seafood commodity have occasionally been released or escaped into the wild, within the range of an allopatric congener, the European lobster (H. gammarus). In addition to disease and competition, introduced lobsters threaten native populations through hybridisation, but morphological discriminants used for species identification are unable to discern hybrids, so molecular methods are required. We tested an array of 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their utility to distinguish 1,308 H. gammarus from 38 H. americanus and 30 hybrid offspring from an American female captured in Sweden. These loci provide powerful species assignment in Homarus, enabling the robust identification of hybrid and American individuals among a survey of European stock. Moreover, a subset panel of the 12 most powerful SNPs is sufficient to separate the two pure species, even when tissues have been cooked, and can detect the introduced component of hybrids. We conclude that these SNP loci can unambiguously identify hybrid lobsters that may be undetectable via basic morphology, and offer a valuable tool to investigate the prevalence of cryptic hybridisation in the wild. Such investigations are required to properly evaluate the potential for introgression of alien genes into European lobster populations. Genetic introgression due to hybridisation with non-native species is a major consequence of human-facilitated introductions that threatens endemic species with reduced fitness and local replacement 1,2. Even where hybridisation between native and introduced species is rare, rapid and extensive genetic introgression can arise 3. Population-level introgression and genetic admixture are not necessarily undesirable-managed interbreeding has been proposed to enhance resilience in key species threatened with extinction 4-but invasive hybridisation is often associated with profoundly harmful effects, including loss of genetic variation and adaptation 1,5. Nevertheless, assessing the conservation threat posed by hybridisation is not straightforward, and is especially challenging when hybrids themselves are fundamentally difficult to identify 5,6. Investigation of hybridisation and management of its impacts require tools to distinguish hybrids from pure species strains, and the increasing availability of molecular markers presents a powerful resource to assess the extent of crossbreeding and introgression in wild populations subject to introductions 7,8. The European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is renowned for its high value as a seafood commodity, but stock collapses have severely diminished the productivity of fisheries throughout extensive portions of the species' range 9. In Europe, recent annual landings of H. gammarus of ~5,000 tonnes are dwarfed by those of its transatlantic congener, the American lobster (H. americanus), which supports vast harvests of >150,000 tonnes per year 10. To satisfy European demand for lobster that native H. gammarus landings cannot fulfi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crossing the pond: genetic assignment detects lobster hybridisation

Ellis

Jenkins

Svanberg

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Historical translocations and stocking alter the genetic structure of a Mediterranean lobster fishery

Jenkins

Ellis

Durieux

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Stocking is often used to supplement wild populations that are overexploited or have collapsed, yet it is unclear how this affects the genetic diversity of marine invertebrate populations. During the 1970s, a lobster stock enhancement program was carried out around the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean using individuals translocated from the Atlantic coast of France. This included the release of thousands of hatchery‐reared postlarval lobsters and several adult individuals, but no monitoring plan was established to assess whether these animals survived and recruited to the population. In this study, we sampled European lobster (Homarus gammarus) individuals caught around Corsica and tested whether they showed Atlantic ancestry. Due to a natural marked phylogeographic break between Atlantic and Mediterranean lobsters, we hypothesized that lobsters with dominant (>0.50) Atlantic ancestry were descended from historical stocking releases. Twenty Corsican lobsters were genotyped at 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and assignment analysis showed that the majority (13) had dominant Atlantic ancestry. This suggests that the hatchery stocking program carried out in Corsica during the 1970s, using individuals translocated from the Atlantic coast of France, has likely augmented local recruitment but at a cost of altering the genetic structure of the Corsican lobster population.

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