Single particle characterization of spring and summer aerosols in Beijing: Formation of composite sulfate of calcium and potassium

Liu, Xiande; Zhu, Jia; Espen, P. Van; Adams, Fred C.; Xiao, Rui; Dong, Shuli; Li, Yuwu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.007

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The heterogeneous processes responsible for sulphate mixing with dust may be season-dependent with predominance of coagulation process in summer and SO 2 uptake in spring (Suzuki et al 2010). Recent observations of strong internal mixing of dust with nitrate or sulphate in mesoscale convective clouds during the AMMA campaign (Crumeyrolle et al 2008;Matsuki et al 2010a) suggest in-cloud processing involving aqueous phase oxidation of NOx/SO 2 , as previously assumed by Levin and Ganor (1996) and Liu et al (2005 (Krueger et al 2004) and then observed in recent field studies (Laskin et al 2005;Matsuki et al 2005Matsuki et al , 2010bShi et al 2008;Huang et al 2010;Suzuki et al 2010). …”

Section: Internal Mixing Dust/inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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Section: Internal Mixing Dust/inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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“…0.5-1 1-2.5 2.5-10 0.5-1 1-2.5 2.5-10 0.5-1 1-2.5 2.5-10 0.5-1 1-2.5 2. primary source is crustal material because gypsum is a typical mineral in the earth crust (Hoornaert et al, 1996). The other source is conversion of calcite to gypsum by chemical reactions with sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate during transport (Liu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Calcium Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols at Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau

Cong

Kang

Dong³

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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Twelve filter samples were sampled monthly during a continuous 1-year campaign at a remote site, Nam Co in central Tibetan Plateau. The total aerosol concentrations ranged from 0.48 μg/m 3 to 36.11 μg/m 3 with the annual average of 6.74 μg/m 3 , reflecting a typical background level. The composition and morphology of atmospheric aerosols with size ranging from 0.5 to 10 μm were investigated using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Then aerosol particles were classified into 7 groups: soot, tar ball, aluminosilicates/quartz, calcium sulfate, Ca/Mg carbonate, Fe/Ti oxide, and biological particle. Aerosol optical properties from the sun photometer and the results obtained by SEM-EDX could support and verify each other, providing complementary information on aerosol characteristics at Nam Co. Two distinct types of air masses arriving at Nam Co correspond to different aerosol constituent, showing that the summer monsoon circulation may bring considerable pollution from South Asia, while the westerly flow dominated in winter is relative clean.

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“…The following two reasons may lead to the seasonal variation. One the one hand, the other sulfate might be from the direct emissions of coal burning (Lun et al, 2003) and/or their secondary formations of heterogeneous reaction (Zhuang et al, 1999;Huang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2005). On the other hand, NH 3 was more efficient in summer than in winter to react with SO 2 to form (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Speciation Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the other sulfate can originate from both direct emissions such as fly ash of coal burning (Lun et al, 2003) or biomass burning (Guo et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2006), and secondary formations such as heterogeneous reaction of sulfate on alkaline surfaces of aerosols. For instance, previous studies (Guo et al, 2010;Zhuang et al, 1999;Huang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2005) (Table 3), indicating the possible formation of K 2 SO 4 . Table 2 shows that other sulfate was high and the percentage of other sulfate to the total sulfate was higher in winter (19%) than in summer (11%).…”

Section: Speciation Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of the major inorganic salts in atmospheric aerosols of Beijing, China: Measurements and comparison with model

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sNH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were measured in Beijing atmosphere. Sulfate, nitrate and chloride associated with crustal ions were important. ISORROPIA II was used to investigate the gas-aerosol equilibrium characteristics. Crustal species should be carefully considered to improve model prediction. In the winter and summer of 2013e2014, we used a sampling system, which consists of annular denuder, back-up filter and thermal desorption set-up, to measure the speciation of major inorganic salts in aerosols and the associated trace gases in Beijing. This sampling system can separate volatile ammonium salts (NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl) from non-volatile ammonium salts ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), as well as the non-volatile nitrate and chloride. The measurement data was used as input of a thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA II) to investigate the gaseaerosol equilibrium characteristics. Results show that (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl were the major inorganic salts in aerosols and mainly existed in the fine particles. The sulfate, nitrate and chloride associated with crustal ions were also important in Beijing where mineral dust concentrations were high. About 19% of sulfate in winter and 11% of sulfate in summer were associated with crustal ions and originated from heterogeneous reactions or direct emissions. The nonvolatile nitrate contributed about 33% and 15% of nitrate in winter and summer, respectively. Theoretical thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl suggest that the gaseous precursors were sufficient to form stable volatile ammonium salts in winter, whereas the internal mixing with sulfate and crustal species were important for the formation of volatile ammonium salts in summer. The results of the thermodynamic equilibrium model reasonably agreed with the measurements of aerosols and gases, but large discrepancy existed in predicting the speciation of inorganic ammonium salts. This indicates that the assumption on crustal species in the model was important for obtaining better understanding on gaseaerosol partitioning and improving the model prediction. a r t i c l e i n f o

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Single particle characterization of spring and summer aerosols in Beijing: Formation of composite sulfate of calcium and potassium

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Individual Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols at Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau

Speciation of the major inorganic salts in atmospheric aerosols of Beijing, China: Measurements and comparison with model

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