Single pass hybrid laser–MIG welding of 4-mm thick copper without preheating

Zhang, Linjie; Ning, Jie; Zhang, Xingjun; Zhang, Guifeng; Zhang, Jianxun

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.02.027

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Laser welding not only has the advantages of high-power density and low-heat input, but also can be carried out in an open environment without vacuum chamber [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Therefore, laser welding of molybdenum alloy has been studied by many researchers [5][6][7][8][9][10]32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Fiber Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy

Xie

Shang

et al. 2019

Metals

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Fiber welding of socket-joints made of nanostructured high-performance molybdenum alloy (NS Mo) was carried out to get a better understanding of the role of welding heat input. It was found that low heat input (i.e., high welding speed) resulted in significantly refined grains in the fusion zone (FZ) of fiber laser welded NS Mo joints. When welding heat input decreased from 3600 J/cm (i.e., 1.2 kW, 20 cm/min) to 250 J/cm (i.e., 2.5 kW, 600 cm/min), the tensile strength of welded joints increased from about 250 MPa to about 570 MPa. It was confirmed by energy spectrum analysis that the higher the welding heat input, the higher the oxygen contents at the grain boundary (GB) within the FZ. In addition, the most important reason for poor strength of welded joints of Mo alloys was reported as being that MoO2 was segregated on the grain boundary. Therefore, it was concluded that welding under low heat input (i.e., high welding speed) was able to reduce the segregation degree of MoO2 at the grain boundary by refining grains and increasing the total area of GBs, thus improving the strength of welded joints and reducing the proportion of the intergranular fracture zone in tensile fractures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Fiber Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy

Xie

Shang

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…A previous study has shown that the copper alloy joints fabricated by laser beam welding (LBM), which is most generally used welding method, show several challenges. For copper alloys with high thermal conductivity and high laser beam absorption, process stability and high laser power are 2 of 14 required as a solution of spattering and high porosity problem [4,5]. Furthermore, when welding thicker plates of 3 mm or more, the higher laser power and the lower welding speed are required; however, defects, spatter and fluctuations due to unstable molten weld pool can be easily formed [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Friction-Stir-Welded Beryllium-Copper Alloy

Lim

Lee

Moon

2019

Metals

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This paper investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of a friction-stir-welded beryllium-copper alloy, which is difficult to weld with conventional fusion welding processes. Friction stir welding (FSW) was successfully conducted with a tungsten-carbide (WC) tool. Sound joints without defects were obtained with a tool rotational speed of 700 RPM and tool travel speed of 60 mm/min. A post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of the FSW joints was performed to analyze the evolution of the microstructure at 315 °C for a half, one, two, three, four, five and eight hours, respectively. The microstructures of the joints were observed using an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Observed softening of microstructure is suggested to be due to the dissolution of the strengthening precipitates during the FSW process, whereas the strength of the joints was recovered via the formation of the CuBe (γ′) phase during the post-weld heat treatment. However, the strength was decreased upon an excessive post-weld heat treatment exceeding three hours. It is considered that the formation of the γ phase and the coarse γ′ phase contributed to the reduction in the strength.

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“…Arc welding of copper and its alloys is challenging due to its high thermal conductivity and resulting welding defects, like root suck back or hot cracking [1,2]. To prevent these welding defects, different requirements in regard to the welding process have to be fulfilled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron beam welding (EBW) is a suitable technology, which meets this requirement. However, the concentrated heat input of EBW results in narrow heat affected zones, high temperature gradients and fast cooling rates, which are influencing the behaviour of the weld pool and encourage welding defects, like periodically occurring cracks, spiking, or inconsistent penetration depths [1,3]. These welding defects can be prevented only by correct process handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam welding of copper using plasma spraying for filler metal deposition

et al. 2018

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Due to physical properties like high thermal and electrical conductivity, joining of copper is of special interest in steelmaking or electrical industry. Unfortunately, joining of thick-walled copper components using electron beam welding (EBW) tends to welding defects like insufficient root formation or varying penetration depth. In previous investigations, Cu-DHP (deoxidised high phosphorus copper) plates were successfully joined by EBW utilising a CuSn6 sheet as filler material. The investigation resulted in a stable EBW parameter window. Nevertheless, using CuSn6 sheets lead to challenges concerning joint preparations, and is not usable for arbitrary weld configurations. To meet these challenges, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is used to apply a thin interlayer in the welding zone and substitute the CuSn6 sheet filler metal. This continuative work includes further improvements of the main EBW parameters and uses APS as a new approach for filler metal deposition. Furthermore, determining and enhancing the service properties of the copper joints is of main interest and reported here.

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Single pass hybrid laser–MIG welding of 4-mm thick copper without preheating

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Fiber Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Fiber Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy

Effects of a Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Friction-Stir-Welded Beryllium-Copper Alloy

Electron beam welding of copper using plasma spraying for filler metal deposition

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