Single‐Phase Cu₃SnS₄ Nanoparticles for Robust High Capacity Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Abstract

With the evolution of Li-ion batteries, they have been employed in many applications. However, high energy density and power density batteries are yet to be developed to meet the necessities at the application end. Sulfides are a good choice as anode material as they show a much higher specific capacity than conventional graphite anodes. But unfortunately, sulfide dissolution and polysulfide shuttling are big drawbacks for their operation. Herein, single phase ternary metal sulfide Cu 3 SnS 4 (CTS) nanoparticles are synthesized with high Cu : Sn ratio and examined for application as Li-ion battery anode. High specific capacities of 1082 mAh g À 1 at 0.2 A g À 1 and 440 mAh g À 1 at a high rate of 3 A g À 1 are realized with superior stability tested up to 950 cycles. Utilizing the CTS NPs can minimize the polysulfide dissolution. The high Cu : Sn ratio provides excess Cu atoms as the buffer matrix for volume expansion of Sn, leading to high stability and specific capacity. Compared to other reported Cu based mixed phase or composite ternary sulfide materials, the CTS NPs presented herein show a better performance. In a full cell device using LiCoO 2 (LCO) as cathode, a good performance is achieved as well with an energy density of 405 Wh/Kg at 0.1 A g À 1 . V-10 mA battery tester. The impedance and cyclic voltammetry were performed with VMP3 biologic system equipped with potentiostat and galvanostat channels.

Effects of Annealing on Electrochemical Properties of Solvothermally Synthesized Cu2SnS3 Anode Nanomaterials

“…In the Nyquist plots of the Cu 2 SnS 3 electrodes at OCV (Fig. 7 a,b), a semicircle in the high-frequency region is attributed to the charge transfer resistance R ct and a straight sloping line in the low-frequency region is ascribed to Li + diffusion process in the bulk Zw [ 18 , 49 ]. The R ct of the annealed Cu 2 SnS 3 electrode is less than that of the as-prepared electrode.…”

Search for New Anode Materials for High Performance Li-Ion Batteries

“…Sharma et al synthesized this stoichiometric nanomaterial via one-pot solution processing method and tested the same for Liion battery anode (Figure 3a−c). 35 It delivered a high specific capacity of 1082 mAh g −1 at an applied current density of 0.2 A g −1 with an impressive cyclic stability of up to 950 cycles (Figure 3d,f). A specific capacity of 440 mAh g −1 at 3 A g −1 revealed that the system is capable of delivering high power (Figure 3e).…”

Sn-Doping in a Sb2Se3 Conversion-cum-Alloying Material Renders Efficient Sodium-Ion Electrochemical Performance: Facile Kinetics Achieved by Active Metal Doping

“…It has been understood that the kinetic limitations posed by the initial conversion process have been the roadblocks to establishing the status of conversion-cum-alloying materials as an advancement over the simple alloying materials (Sn and Sb) from a commercial standpoint. , The extensively researched strategy employing the addition of conducting support though successful in enhancing the kinetics leads to a decline in the overall achievable capacity because of the overall inactivity or small contribution of conducting support toward Na + uptake. ,− Doping by some transition metals, Cu, Co, and Ni has been employed with only a little success for similar reasons. ,− …”

“…The advancement has been attributed to the buffering effect offered by the matrix of Na-chalcogenide/pnictide generated after the conversion process. , The past decade has witnessed an increased effort toward improving the electrochemical performance of Sn and Sb-based conversion-cum-alloying materials, via structural modifications, morphological modifications, or compositing strategies. Notably, structural modifications have involved self-assembly (1D van der Waals Sb 2 S 3 ), phase transitions (hexagonal-SnS 2 to orthorhombic-SnS), and metal doping (Cu 4 SnS 4 ; Sn 5 SbP 3 ). , Morphological modifications have encompassed thin sheets (ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates; ultralong Sb 2 Se 3 nanowires) , and 3D morphologies (SnS bundles; SnS 3D flowers). , Compositing strategies have focused on compositing with modified carbon forms (in situ growth of Sb 2 S 3 on multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Sb 2 Se 3 nanodots in carbon-confined nanofibers; SnS confined in carbon nanospheres; Sb 2 Se 3 wrapped in reduced graphene oxide) − and with structurally robust templating and supporting materials (core–shell–shell Sb 2 S 3 /Sb@TiO 2 nanorods) …”

“…Notably, structural modifications have involved self-assembly (1D van der Waals Sb 2 S 3 ), 22 phase transitions (hexagonal-SnS 2 to orthorhombic-SnS), 23 and metal doping (Cu 4 SnS 4 ; Sn 5 SbP 3 ). 24,25 thin sheets (ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates; ultralong Sb 2 Se 3 nanowires) 26,27 and 3D morphologies (SnS bundles; SnS 3D flowers). 28,29 Compositing strategies have focused on compositing with modified carbon forms (in situ growth of Sb 2 S 3 on multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Sb 2 Se 3 nanodots in carbon-confined nanofibers; SnS confined in carbon nanospheres; Sb 2 Se 3 wrapped in reduced graphene oxide) 30−33 and with structurally robust templating and supporting materials (core−shell−shell Sb 2 S 3 /Sb@TiO 2 nanorods).…”