Single phase load balancing in a three phase system at distribution and unit level

Application of the Vortex Search Algorithm to the Phase-Balancing Problem in Distribution Systems

“…If these variables are not in compliance with operation limits, network operators incur financial penalties. In this manner, distribution companies will benefit from system-balancing, with a consequent reduction to operation and investment cost, since less energy has to be purchased to meet user demand and there will be no investment to implement other higher-cost solutions, such as capacitors and DG installation, which can be more expensive than phase-balancing [15]. For this reason, the present research shows the minimization of power loss caused by the unbalance of three-phase power distribution systems.…”

“…Data: Read the information of the AC distribution network. Determine the initial center µ 0 from(12); Determine the initial radius r 0 (or the standard deviation σ 0 ) from(15); Establish the best adaptive initial function as z f (s best ) = ∞ (Minimization problem); Set t = 0; while t ≤ t max do Generate the candidate solutions using a Gaussian distribution of the center µ t with a standard deviation (radius) r t as defined in (13) to obtain the set of candidate solutions C t (s) with d columns and n rows; If C t (s) exceeds any limit, whether it is upper or lower, adjust the set of solutions within the limits using (16); Round the values of C t (s) to the closest integer; Evaluate the iterative sweep three-phase power flow method (see (55)) for each s Let the center µ t+1 be equal to the best solution s best ; Update the radius r t+1 as shown in (19); t = t + 1; end Result: The best solution can be found for s best and its adaptive function is z…”

Optimal Phase Balancing in Electricity Distribution Feeders Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

“…Unbalanced distribution systems increase energy losses and the risk of distributionfeeder outage because of the unexpected tripping of the low-energy overcurrent (LCO) relay. In the Taiwan Power Company's (Taipower's) distribution systems, the causes of phase unbalance are: (1) the asymmetrical structure of feeder networks, (2) the uneven distribution of single-phase loads, (3) variations in customer load behaviors, (4) the connectivity of open-wye, open-delta (OYD) transformers, (5) the failure of one or more capacitor units in a bank, and (6) feeder load transfer.…”

“…Considerable efforts have been devoted to solving the phase unbalance problems that afflict distribution systems. Some research works [3,4] incorporated phase balancing into feeder reconfiguration methods based on unbalanced distribution systems. Peng et al [4] proposed a multi-objective dynamic reconfiguration method of minimizing the three-phase unbalance factor and number of switching times.…”

“…Some research works [3,4] incorporated phase balancing into feeder reconfiguration methods based on unbalanced distribution systems. Peng et al [4] proposed a multi-objective dynamic reconfiguration method of minimizing the three-phase unbalance factor and number of switching times. A phase-commitment algorithm was applied to solve the unbalance issue for distributed single-phase devices.…”