Since then, lots of researches have been carried out to reveal the role of catechol in mussel adhesion behavior and devoted to incorporating the catechol functionality into synthetic materials. [7,8] Especially, catechol-metal-based materials have garnered considerable attention due to the strong interactions, diverse properties, and tunable structures. [9,10] Despite the interaction between catechol and metal ions is still not fully understood, significant progress has been made and many possible mechanisms have been proposed. The cross-linking process relies on versatile catechol-based chemistry.The synthetic catechol-metal-based materials usually exhibit excellent performance such as good adhesion, flexibility, conductivity, and high mechanical strength. [10][11][12] A wide consensus in relevant fields is that the type of metal ions is the main factor determining the properties of these materials. [13,14] This discovery raises the interest in exploring the unknown scientific and technical to synthetic novel catechol-metal-based functional materials. For example, the introduction of transition metal ions triggers efficient interactions with the catechol-containing groups. In the systems, the metal ions can act as chemical stimuli, cross-linking points, and tunable chelation ability. [15] As a typical example, iron ions (i.e., Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ) have an obvious effect on the coordination between metal ions and catechol groups. [16][17][18] In previous reports, many researchers have focused on the specific introduction of various metal ions into the catechol-metal system. [19,20] It provided a new opportunity for various applications, such as water purification, biomedical engineering, wearable device, and responsible sensor.Besides, various chemical structures of catechol, including natural plant-derived phenols (e.g., dopamine, gallic acid, tannic acid (TA), and lignin) [21][22][23] and synthetic phenolic molecules (e.g., polyphenol and poly-catechol), [24] is still a subject of debate. Over 8000 articles about catechol-containing chemistry have been published and lead to numerous breakthroughs in the fields of chemistry and materials. In catecholmetal systems, phenolic compounds display diverse properties, such as metal coordination, antioxidant activity through Catechol plays an important role in many systems by interacting with organic (e.g., amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., metal ions, metal oxides) compounds. Catechol cross-linked polymer networks exhibit significant mechanical strength, good adhesiveness, and life-like characteristics. Recently, catechol-metal coordination materials have aroused increasing interest in multifunctional applications. Numerous influential studies have demonstrated that the type of metal ions and the structure of phenolic (such as natural phenolic (e.g., tannic acid, gallic acid, and lignin) or synthetic catechol-containing polymers) play important roles in the formation of catechol-metal coordination complexes. Although catechol-metal-based materials have been successfully pr...