Single-photon counting for the 1300–1600-nm range by use of Peltier-cooled and passively quenched InGaAs avalanche photodiodes

A high-performance integrated single-photon detector for telecom wavelengths

“…The upsurge of interest in quantum key distribution (QKD) [1,2] in recent years has motivated an extensive effort aimed at developing single-photon detectors (SPDs) for the telecommunication wavelength windows around 1310 and 1550 nm [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The efficiency, dark count probability, and recovery times of the detectors limit the range and bit generation rates that can be achieved in QKD systems.…”

Growth and fabrication of high-performance GaN-based ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes

“…They have also exhibited robust and stable reverse-bias leakage currents during stressing beyond avalanche breakdown for over 30 min and at reverse currents up to $1 mA. Furthermore, the yield of functional APD devices with high avalanche gains is quite high in these homoepitaxial GaN APD wafers [30].…”

“…GM operation [29] can be measured using passive-quench [30], activequenching [31], and time-gated modes [32] of operation. GM single-photon APDs (SPADs) operating in the UV have recently been demonstrated using homoepitaxial 4H-SiC p-i-n structures [33,34].…”

Random-modulation differential absorption lidar based on semiconductor lasers and single photon counting for atmospheric CO2 sensing

“…The NFAD is used in order to minimize the degradation of the SNR in comparison with pulsed systems due to the detector noise [16]. We have developed in-house our own single photon detector unit as commercial detectors do not satisfy our need of a high saturation count rate [17]. The detector achieves 5 Mcps with 100 kcps dark count with an efficiency of 10 %.…”