Single-shot carrier–envelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses

Wittmann, T.; Horváth, Balint; Helml, Wolfram; Schätzel, Michael G.; Gu, Xun; Cavalieri, Adrian L.; Paulus, G. G.; Kienberger, Reinhard

doi:10.1038/nphys1250

Cited by 267 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The electric field of the laser pulse can be approximated as E(t) = E 0 cos 2 (t/τ) cos(ωt + φ), where E 0 is the field amplitude, ω is the carrier frequency, τ is the pulse duration, and φ is the CEP. Combining a reaction microscope (REMI) 20 with a newly developed phase-tagging technique 21 , we obtained the CEP of the laser pulse for each and every ionization event 22 recorded with the REMI. The laser was focussed to a maximum instantaneous intensity of I 0 = cε 0 E 0 2 = (3.0 ± 0.6)×10 14 W cm − 2 into a cold supersonic gas jet of neutral argon atoms located in the centre of the REMI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

et al. 2012

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Despite their broad implications for phenomena such as molecular bonding or chemical reac tions, our knowledge of multi electron dynamics is limited and their theoretical modelling remains a most difficult task. From the experimental side, it is highly desirable to study the dynamical evolution and interaction of the electrons over the relevant timescales, which extend into the attosecond regime. Here we use near single cycle laser pulses with well defined electric field evolution to confine the double ionization of argon atoms to a single laser cycle. The measured two electron momentum spectra, which substantially differ from spectra recorded in all previous experiments using longer pulses, allow us to trace the correlated emission of the two electrons on sub femtosecond timescales. The experimental results, which are discussed in terms of a semiclassical model, provide strong constraints for the development of theories and lead us to revise common assumptions about the mechanism that governs double ionization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

et al. 2012

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“…The laser intensity was kept stable on the level of 10%. The CEP of each laser pulse was recorded by sending a fraction of the laser beam (20 mJ) into a single-shot stereographic above-threshold ionization (Stereo-ATI) phase meter 32 . A detailed description of the CEP measurement and CEP tagging techniques can be found in ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subfemtosecond steering of hydrocarbon deprotonation through superposition of vibrational modes

et al. 2014

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Subfemtosecond control of the breaking and making of chemical bonds in polyatomic molecules is poised to open new pathways for the laser-driven synthesis of chemical products. The break-up of the C-H bond in hydrocarbons is an ubiquitous process during laser-induced dissociation. While the yield of the deprotonation of hydrocarbons has been successfully manipulated in recent studies, full control of the reaction would also require a directional control (that is, which C-H bond is broken). Here, we demonstrate steering of deprotonation from symmetric acetylene molecules on subfemtosecond timescales before the break-up of the molecular dication. On the basis of quantum mechanical calculations, the experimental results are interpreted in terms of a novel subfemtosecond control mechanism involving non-resonant excitation and superposition of vibrational degrees of freedom. This mechanism permits control over the directionality of chemical reactions via vibrational excitation on timescales defined by the subcycle evolution of the laser waveform.

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“…Typically in such methods, CEP values are estimated by measuring the CEP dependence of highly nonlinear signal and comparing the results with numerical simulations. For example, plasmonic sensors 40,41 , stereo-ATI (above-threshold-ionisation) [42][43][44][45] , velocity map imaging [46][47][48][49] and high harmonic generation 50,51 have been used for such purposes. With the help of a polarization gating technique, the CEP of multi-cycle pulses can be obtained 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination

2013

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Recent progress of the coherent light synthesis technology has brought the generation of single-cycle pulses within our reach. To exploit the full potential of such a single-cycle pulse in any applications, it is highly important to obtain the full information of its electric field. Here we propose a novel pulse characterization scheme, which enables us to determine not only the intensity and phase profiles of ultrashort pulses but also their absolute carrier-envelope phase values. The method is based on a combination of frequency-resolved optical gating and electro-optic sampling, which can be extended to a self-referencing scheme to determine the electric field evolution of few-cycle ultrashort pulses. We have experimentally demonstrated the technique to characterize sub-single-cycle infrared pulses, and numerically studied the capability of the scheme to incorporate a self-referencing technique and to extend the wavelength range to visible region.

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Single-shot carrier–envelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses

Cited by 267 publications

References 37 publications

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

Subfemtosecond steering of hydrocarbon deprotonation through superposition of vibrational modes

Frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination

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