Single-shot extreme-ultraviolet wavefront measurements of high-order harmonics

Dacasa, Hugo; Coudert-Alteirac, Hélène; Guo, Chen; Kueny, Emma; Campi, Filippo; Lahl, Jan; Peschel, Jasper; Wikmark, Hampus; Major, Balázs; Malm, Erik; Alj, Domenico; Varjú, Katalin; Arnold, Cord L.; Dovillaire, Guillaume; Johnsson, Per; L’Huillier, Anne; Maclot, Sylvain; Rudawski, Piotr; Zeitoun, Philippe

doi:10.1364/oe.27.002656

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…59 and further down in this work, according to ref. 66 , they may introduce distortions in XUV wavefront and hence influence the duration of the emitted attosecond pulses at the "end station" where the XUV beam is refocused. This matter will be further discussed in Section 4 of the manuscript.…”

Section: The High Xuv Photon Flux Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional effect to be considered is pointed out recently in refs. 66,68 . Different harmonics, due to their different divergence are focused at different positions, have different focal spots and therefore lead to only partial spatial overlap of the superimposed harmonics and to different Gouy phase contributions in the harmonic superposition.…”

Section: Temporal Characterization Of the Attosecond Pulse Trainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies

Makos

Orfanos

Nayak

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The quantum mechanical motion of electrons and nuclei in systems spatially confined to the molecular dimensions occurs on the sub-femtosecond to the femtosecond timescales respectively. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic and, in specific cases, nuclear dynamics requires the availability of light pulses with attosecond (asec) duration and of sufficient intensity to induce two-photon processes, essential for probing the intrinsic system dynamics. The majority of atoms, molecules and solids absorb in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, in which the synthesis of the required attosecond pulses is feasible. Therefore, the XUV spectral region optimally serves the study of such ultrafast phenomena. Here, we present a detailed review of the first 10-GW class XUV attosecond source based on laser driven high harmonic generation in rare gases. The pulse energy of this source largely exceeds other laser driven attosecond sources and is comparable to the pulse energy of femtosecond Free-Electron-Laser (FEL) XUV sources. The measured pulse duration in the attosecond pulse train is 650 ± 80 asec. The uniqueness of the combined high intensity and short pulse duration of the source is evidenced in non-linear XUV-optics experiments. It further advances the implementation of XUV-pump-XUVprobe experiments and enables the investigation of strong field effects in the XUV spectral region.

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Section: The High Xuv Photon Flux Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Characterization Of the Attosecond Pulse Trainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies

Makos

Orfanos

Nayak

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Previous studies [30,[32][33][34][35][36] have shown that high-order harmonics have different wavefronts at the exit of the nonlinear medium, which can be convergent or divergent [35], corresponding to a real or virtual focus, respectively. The wavefront curvature of the harmonics is the sum of that of the driving laser and an additional contribution originating from the process behind the generation of high-order harmonics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focusing Properties of High-Order Harmonics

et al. 2021

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Many applications of the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation obtained by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases require a small focus area in order to enable attosecond pulses to reach a high intensity. Here, high-order harmonics generated in Ar with a multiterawatt laser system in a loose focusing geometry are focused to a few micrometers using two toroidal mirrors in a Wolter configuration with a high demagnification factor. Using a knife-edge measurement technique, we determine the position and size of the XUV foci as a function of harmonic order. We show that the focus properties vary with harmonic order and the generation conditions. Simulations, based on a classical description of the harmonic dipole phase and assuming that the individual harmonics can be described as Gaussian beams, reproduce the experimental behavior. We discuss how the generation geometry affects the intensity and duration of the focused attosecond pulses.

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“…The former measures the relative position change of the geometrical center of intensity for each pinhole in the Hartmann array in order to obtain an estimate of the local slope of the wavefront. The technique is well-known and has been used in a large number of laboratories for real-time beam characterization, laser-aberration description, and optics alignment [25][26][27]. The centroid method was specifically carried out with Imagine Optic software WaveView.…”

Section: Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavefront Sensing for Evaluation of Extreme Ultraviolet Microscopy

Ruiz-Lopez

Mehrjoo

Keitel

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Wavefront analysis is a fast and reliable technique for the alignment and characterization of optics in the visible, but also in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray regions. However, the technique poses a number of challenges when used for optical systems with numerical apertures (NA) > 0.1. A high-numerical-aperture Hartmann wavefront sensor was employed at the free electron laser FLASH for the characterization of a Schwarzschild objective. These are widely used in EUV to achieve very small foci, particularly for photolithography. For this purpose, Schwarzschild objectives require highly precise alignment. The phase measurements acquired with the wavefront sensor were analyzed employing two different methods, namely, the classical calculation of centroid positions and Fourier demodulation. Results from both approaches agree in terms of wavefront maps with negligible degree of discrepancy.

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Single-shot extreme-ultraviolet wavefront measurements of high-order harmonics

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies

Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies

Focusing Properties of High-Order Harmonics

Wavefront Sensing for Evaluation of Extreme Ultraviolet Microscopy

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