Single Source Thermal Evaporation of Two-dimensional Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Abstract

Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites has been widely studied due to its potential application for high performance perovskite solar cells. Understanding the relationship between microstructural and opto-electronic properties is very important for fabricating high-performance 2D perovskite solar cell. In this work, the effect of solvent annealing on grain growth was investigated to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices with 2D perovskite films based on (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 prepared by single-source thermal evaporation. Results show that solvent annealing with the introduction of solvent vapor can effectively enhance the crystallization of the (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 thin films and produce denser, larger-crystal grains. The thin films also display a favorable band gap of 1.896 eV, which benefits for increasing the charge-diffusion lengths. The solvent-annealed (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 thin-film solar cell prepared by single-source thermal evaporation shows an efficiency range of 2.54–4.67%. Thus, the proposed method can be used to prepare efficient large-area 2D perovskite solar cells.

Layered metal halide perovskite solar cells: A review from structure‐properties perspective towards maximization of their performance and stability

“…Therefore, more research on the existing approaches, as well as the development of new ones, are still highly desirable for the community of 2D‐PSCs. An alternative field of exploration, in this sense, is the solvent‐vapor post‐annealing method: the hot‐solvent vapor plasticizes the layered perovskite films and induce their reorganization/reorientation 204,205 . In this broad avenue of post‐annealing methods, we speculate that hot‐air annealing, recently demonstrated to improve the crystallinity and film quality of 3D perovskites, 206,207 may also be a promising option to explore in 2D‐PSCs.…”

Strategy for large‐scale monolithic Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cell: A review of recent progress

“…Zheng et al studied the effect of solvent annealing on grain growth in 2D PVKs prepared by single-source thermal evaporation, and through solvent annealing, the crystallinity of 2D PVKs was improved, and a PCE of 4.67% was achieved. 101 Lei et al first formed a PbI 2 layer by normal evaporation and then fabricated MAI by flash evaporation to obtain a homogeneous large-scale PVK film. All evaporated PVK devices achieved a champion PCE of 15.06% at 16 cm 2 active area.…”

“…In order to overcome the limitations of hybrid process, all evaporation process for large‐scale PVK layer deposition has been researched continuously. Zheng et al studied the effect of solvent annealing on grain growth in 2D PVKs prepared by single‐source thermal evaporation, and through solvent annealing, the crystallinity of 2D PVKs was improved, and a PCE of 4.67% was achieved 101 . Lei et al first formed a PbI 2 layer by normal evaporation and then fabricated MAI by flash evaporation to obtain a homogeneous large‐scale PVK film.…”

Single‐source evaporation of CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 for Pb‐free perovskite solar cells

“…Single-source evaporation (ie, the evaporation of presynthesized perovskite crystals as a single source) can produce perovskite thin films while exactly maintaining the stoichiometric ratio of synthesized perovskite crystals. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Despite this advantage, to our knowledge, there are no studies on the photovoltaic performance of organotin halide perovskites formed using single-source evaporation. In 2019, Padture et al reported allinorganic perovskite CsSn 0.5 Ge 0.5 I 3 thin films fabricated by single-source evaporation with a device efficiency of 6.5%.…”