“…did not affect the viability of 3T3L1 cells at up to 160 µg/mL (Sonani et al, 2017). The R-phycoerythrin extracted from Gracilaria corticata was treated with high concentration(600-700 µg/mL) of R-phycoerythrin, which did not affect the viability of Hep-2 and Vero cells (Sathuvan et al, 2022).…”
Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning
confidence: 90%
“…For further puri cation, PEs are commonly precipitated by salting-out with ammonium sulfate at different percentages. After desalting, PEs are usually puri ed by various techniques: expanded bed adsorption chromatography (Bermejo et al, 2007), ion-exchange chromatography (Bermejo et al, 2007;Nguyen et al, 2020), gel ltration (Munier et al, 2015), hydroxyapatite chromatography, a combination of two chromatography modes (Niu et al, 2006;Rossano et al, 2003) or preparative electrophoresis (Sathuvan et al, 2022). In addition to the commonly used puri cation methods, there are also new puri cation methods in recent years(Table 1).…”
Porphyra haitanensis was popular as healthy food source. People mainly absorbed nutrient by intaking porphyra haitanensis foods, which leaded to poor utilization of the fluorescence characteristics of R-phycoerythrin(R-PE) in porphyra haitanensis. In this study, the R-PE protein was extracted by freeze-thawing cycle assisted with sonication and then purified from commercial porphyra haitanensis. For the purified R-PE, there was a maximum absorbance peak at 565 nm and a maximum fluorescence peak at 575 nm. SDS-PAGE result showed there were three bands-α, β, γ corresponded to 19 kDa, 20 kDa and 32 kDa. And the LC-MS results showed it was corresponded to the wild type R-PE. The purified R-PE was stable between the pH from 5 to 10 and temperature from 25 ℃ to 55 ℃. It was sensitive to Cu2 + at the limitation of 65 nM. Also, the purified R-PE behaved the good antioxidant activity of 1 mg/mL concentration and little cytotoxicity of L02 cells. These results indicated the R-PE extracted and purified from commercial porphyra haitanensis could be used as fluorescent probe to detect Cu2+ and antioxidant raw material in vitro and in vivo potentially.
“…did not affect the viability of 3T3L1 cells at up to 160 µg/mL (Sonani et al, 2017). The R-phycoerythrin extracted from Gracilaria corticata was treated with high concentration(600-700 µg/mL) of R-phycoerythrin, which did not affect the viability of Hep-2 and Vero cells (Sathuvan et al, 2022).…”
Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning
confidence: 90%
“…For further puri cation, PEs are commonly precipitated by salting-out with ammonium sulfate at different percentages. After desalting, PEs are usually puri ed by various techniques: expanded bed adsorption chromatography (Bermejo et al, 2007), ion-exchange chromatography (Bermejo et al, 2007;Nguyen et al, 2020), gel ltration (Munier et al, 2015), hydroxyapatite chromatography, a combination of two chromatography modes (Niu et al, 2006;Rossano et al, 2003) or preparative electrophoresis (Sathuvan et al, 2022). In addition to the commonly used puri cation methods, there are also new puri cation methods in recent years(Table 1).…”
Porphyra haitanensis was popular as healthy food source. People mainly absorbed nutrient by intaking porphyra haitanensis foods, which leaded to poor utilization of the fluorescence characteristics of R-phycoerythrin(R-PE) in porphyra haitanensis. In this study, the R-PE protein was extracted by freeze-thawing cycle assisted with sonication and then purified from commercial porphyra haitanensis. For the purified R-PE, there was a maximum absorbance peak at 565 nm and a maximum fluorescence peak at 575 nm. SDS-PAGE result showed there were three bands-α, β, γ corresponded to 19 kDa, 20 kDa and 32 kDa. And the LC-MS results showed it was corresponded to the wild type R-PE. The purified R-PE was stable between the pH from 5 to 10 and temperature from 25 ℃ to 55 ℃. It was sensitive to Cu2 + at the limitation of 65 nM. Also, the purified R-PE behaved the good antioxidant activity of 1 mg/mL concentration and little cytotoxicity of L02 cells. These results indicated the R-PE extracted and purified from commercial porphyra haitanensis could be used as fluorescent probe to detect Cu2+ and antioxidant raw material in vitro and in vivo potentially.
“…Pigments like phycoerythrin extracted from various Gracilaria species have also been known as rich source of antioxidants. More recently, the fluorescent property of this pigment has also found application in diagnostics and in vitro cellular imaging (Sathuvan et al 2022 ). Fig.…”
Gracilaria edulis
is one of the most studied agarophytes, especially in tropical regions like India because of its natural abundance. Apart from the Indian peninsula, it is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The taxonomy of
G. edulis
is evolving; currently
G. edulis
is the taxonomically accepted name, however several phylogenetic and morphological investigations supported its inclusion in the genus
Hydropuntia
. In addition to the conventional farming methods like the tube net and raft methods which use clonally propagated seed material, spore-based planting materials like carpospores have been employed to cultivate
G. edulis
. Co-cultivation with shrimp farm wastewater has also been practised to make the cultivation economically viable and environmentally sustainable as the seaweed could provide an efficient ecosystem service by up taking nitrogen from the shrimp waste. Like other seaweed cultivation systems, farming of
G. edulis
is also infested by various epiphytes like
Ulva, Cladophora, Ceramium, Centroceras, Hypnea
and
Padina
as well as grazed by fishes like
Monodactylus
,
Pelates
and
Pteroscirtes
which decrease the growth and ultimately result in low yield of agar, seaweed sap and other value added products. Food grade agar produced by this seaweed is an important resource and the current review focusses on the latest extraction technologies. Further, there also is evidence based application of plant bio-stimulant derived from
G. edulis
feedstock which has proven to be highly effective in enhancing the yield by 10–33% in field trials of nine cash crops.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10811-023-02955-8.
“…MRI utilizing the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field plays an important role in the current medical scenario by enabling precise visualization of biological activity, diagnosis of disease, and prognosis of the treatment for cure. [171,172] MRI is one of the most popular technologies specialized for the evaluation of soft tissues with imaging conditions [173] that does not require ionizing radiation or radioisotopes, which can be harmful to the body. [174] MRI works with the RF magnetic field that polarizes hydrogen nuclei of water in the body and detects the relaxation of protons stabilized in the magnetic field.…”
Dynamic therapy is a key research area for noninvasive clinical therapeutics. Up to now, light, electricity, ultrasound, and magnetic field have been investigated for the potential remote cellular regulation tools. Opening ion channels, activating cell death, and manipulating individual receptors that can control various cellular signal pathways have been suggested using external energy forms that can be dynamically applied in situ, which advance from the static control strategies. [1][2][3][4] For instance, optogenetics using light [5,6] have greatly advanced cellular modulation over the past decades, especially for neuromodulation. [7] Other energy sources have also been demonstrated with promising potential for regulating cellular metabolism and death. However, controlling the penetration and localization of energy sources (e.g., light and electricity) in tissues and cells have been challenging for in vivo applications. On the other hand, a magnetic field can safely penetrate deep tissues, which is particularly relevant for clinical applications. Consequently, utilizing the magnetic field to manipulate the MNPs is emerging as an effective approach to dynamically regulate cellular activity. [8] Recent advancements of multifunctional MNPs, spintronics, and magnetogenetics have enabled precise modulation of magnetic field gradients and pulses to remotely control the movement, heat generation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of the MNPs (Figure 1).Engineering multifunctional magnetic particles is the key requirement to achieve desired biomedical applications. [9][10][11] In the past 20 years, MNPs have received increasing attention
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
