Single thalamic localization of brain toxoplasmosis mimicking brain tumors: Radiological and clinical findings

Abstract

Background: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a relatively rare disorder that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The most common scenario occurs among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. In those patients, toxoplasmosis is the most frequent cause of expansive brain lesion and continues to cause elevated morbidity and mortality. In typical cases of toxoplasmosis, both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging reveal single/ multiple nodular or ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding edema. Nevertheless, cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis with atypical radiological features have been reported. Diagnosis can be obtained by finding organisms in the cerebrospinal fluid or in stereotactic biopsy samples of the brain lesion. If untreated, cerebral toxoplasmosis is uniformly fatal, so prompt diagnosis is mandatory. A prompt diagnosis is necessary, as untreated cerebral toxoplasmosis is uniformly fatal. Case Description: We discuss imaging and clinical findings of a patient – not aware of being HIV-positive – with a solitary atypical brain localization of toxoplasmosis mimicking a brain tumor. Conclusion: Although relatively uncommon, neurosurgeons should be aware of the potential occurrence of cerebral toxoplasmosis. High index of suspicion is needed for timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy.

Stereotactic placement of dual lumen catheter system for continuous drainage, irrigation, and intraventricular antibiotic therapy for treatment of brain abscess with ventriculitis – A case report and literature review

“…Considering the deep and eloquent location of the abscess, we favored a stereotactic aspiration over craniotomy, in line with contemporary literature advocating for a minimally invasive technique for supratentorial brain abscesses. [ 2 , 14 , 17 , 18 ]…”

The Role of MicroRNAs in HIV Infection

“…HIV/AIDS patients showed an 81% positive status for T. gondii IgG, and almost 70% of the studied population had cerebral toxoplasmosis [10]. If left untreated in HIV/AIDS patients, toxoplasmosis is typically fatal [11], showing the grave need for constant screening or medication, given the high infection status among HIV patients. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the mental health of patients is an additional factor that influences outcomes and can further exacerbate immunosuppression, for example, via stress [12].…”