Single walled carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLAGA) composites for orthopedic applications and to evaluate the interaction of human stem cells (hBMSCs) and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) via cell growth, proliferation, gene expression, extracellular matrix production and mineralization. PLAGA and SWCNT/PLAGA composites were fabricated with various amounts of SWCNT (5,10,20, 40, and 100 mg), characterized and degradation studies were performed. Cells were seeded and cell adhesion/morphology, growth/survival, proliferation and gene expression analysis were performed to evaluate biocompatibility. Imaging studies demonstrated uniform incorporation of SWCNT into the PLAGA matrix and addition of SWCNT did not affect the degradation rate. Imaging studies revealed that MC3T3-E1 and hBMSCs cells exhibited normal, non-stressed morphology on the composites and all were biocompatible. Composites with 10 mg SWCNT resulted in highest rate of cell proliferation (p < 0.05) among all composites. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, and Bone Sialoprotein was observed on all composites. In conclusion, SWCNT/PLAGA composites imparted beneficial cellular growth capabilities and gene expression, and mineralization abilities were well established. These results demonstrate the potential of SWCNT/PLAGA composites for musculoskeletal regeneration and bone tissue engineering (BTE) and are promising for orthopedic applications. ß

CHAPTER 7. Interfaces in Composite Materials

“…69 Dynamics of cell-matrix interaction including cell-matrix anchorage, cell-cell communication and real-time shear stress-induced adhesion dynamics, have been examined using surface plasmon resonance imaging ellipsometry (SPRIE). 70 Dynamics of the cytoskeletal polymers, e.g., microtubules and actin filaments of migrating or dividing cells have been investigated by total internal fluorescent speckle microscopy (TIR-FSM) and wide field epi-fluorescence FSM.…”

Survey of Current and Prospective Approaches in Bone Grafting Technology

“…Synthetic polymers range from those that mimic natural polymers to polymers constructed as single walled carbon nanotubes [23]. Unfortunately, none mimic the biocompatibility of natural polymers at present.…”

Marine Algae Derived Polysaccharides for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…Bone defects occur following trauma, removal of tumor, fracture, or sometimes they may be birth defects [12,13]. These losses and faults necessitate many researches in the surgical field [14].…”

“…These losses and faults necessitate many researches in the surgical field [14]. In the past decades, in order to amend bone defects, many people opted for organ transplantation techniques such as allograft and autograft [13]. Both allograft and autograft have advantages as well as disadvantages, respectively [13].…”

“…In the past decades, in order to amend bone defects, many people opted for organ transplantation techniques such as allograft and autograft [13]. Both allograft and autograft have advantages as well as disadvantages, respectively [13]. Disadvantages are insufficient donor sites, secondary operation and disease transfer [15,16].…”